桂枝-泽泻治疗外感疾病中医认识及现代药学研究进展  

Cinnamomi Ramulus-Alismatis Rhizoma in Treatment of External-contraction Diseases from Traditional Chinese Medicine and Modern Pharmacy:A Review

作　　者：曹玉清 郭旸 尚希钰 贾紫涵 熊一白 陈仁波[1] 张磊[3] 佟琳[3] 张华敏[4] 马艳 CAO Yuqing;GUO Yang;SHANG Xiyu;JIA Zihan;XIONG Yibai;CHEN Renbo;ZHANG Lei;TONG Lin;ZHANG Huamin;MA Yan(Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中医临床基础医学研究所,北京100700 [2]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [3]中国中医科学院中医药信息研究所,北京100700 [4]中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第24期279-288,共10页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82274350,82105055,82305440);中国中医科学院科技创新工程中医临床基础学科创新团队项目(CI2021B003);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A00704,CI2021A01314)。

摘　　要：桂枝及泽泻是治疗外感疾病的常用中药,桂枝性味辛、甘、温,宣肺散寒,开通腠理,温阳化气,助水液从太阳经而去,具祛湿之功;泽泻甘、寒,渗湿利水,通调水道而泻肺中水饮,且可利小便而除湿热。药对是从历代医家用药经验积累中提炼出来,针对特定病症经过临床应用被证明组成简单且行之有效的配伍。桂枝-泽泻药对是五苓散等古代经典名方的重要组成,二者配伍共奏利水渗湿,温阳化气之功,是治疗外感表证、水湿内停的代表方。通过梳理古代文献发现有数千年散寒除湿作用桂枝-泽泻药对配伍组成的复方方剂数量较多、临床使用广泛。现代药理学研究表明桂枝的有效成分桂皮醛、肉桂酸等,泽泻的有效成分泽泻醇A、23-乙酰泽泻醇B等具有抗炎、抗病毒及免疫调节等作用,且安全性较高,含有该药对配伍的清肺排毒汤在抗击新型冠状病毒感染中发挥了重要作用。尽管关于桂枝、泽泻的各自的相关药学研究较多,然而对该药对研究较少。笔者对桂枝和泽泻治疗外感疾病的中医认识,及二者配伍前后的化学成分、药理作用、毒理学等方面进行系统梳理总结,为进一步研究和拓宽临床应用提供参考。Cinnamomi Ramulus and Alismatis Rhizoma are commonly used in the treatment of externalcontraction diseases.Cinnamomi Ramulus is pungent,sweet,and warm,with the effects of ventilating lung and dispersing cold,warming Yang and transforming Qi,and promoting water and liquid flow from Taiyang meridian to remove dampness.Alismatis Rhizoma is sweet and cold,with the effects of draining dampness and promoting urination,regulating the waterway,removing water retention in lung,and promoting urination to remove dampness and heat.Herbal pairs are extracted from the accumulated experience of medical practitioners over the ages in the use of medicines and have been proved by clinical application to be composed of simple and effective combinations for specific diseases.The herb pair Cinnamomi Ramulus-Alismatis Rhizoma is an important part in ancient classic formulas such as Wulingsan.Both herbs play a role in draining dampness and promoting urination,warming Yang and transforming Qi,being a representative herb pair used for treating external-contraction exterior syndrome and water retention inside.The review of ancient medical publications revealed that there were a large number of compound formulas containing Cinnamomi Ramulus-Alismatis Rhizoma for dispersing cold and removing dampness,which were widely used for thousands of years in clinical practice.Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the active pharmacological components of Cinnamomi Ramulus(cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid)and Alismatis Rhizoma(alisol A and 23-acetate alisol B)have anti-inflammatory,antiviral,and immunoregulatory effects and high safety.Qingfei Paidu decoction containing this herbal pair played an important role in fighting against COVID-19.Despite the extensive pharmacological studies on Cinnamomi Ramulus and Alismatis Rhizoma,few studies have been carried out regarding this herb pair.This paper summarizes the traditional Chinese medicine knowledge about Cinnamomi Ramulus and Alismatis Rhizoma in the treatment of external-contraction diseases

关 键 词：桂枝 泽泻 外感疾病 现代药学研究 药对 

分 类 号：R2-0[医药卫生—中医学] R33[文化科学—情报学] R511.6G353.11