紫河车化学成分和药理作用研究进展  

Chemical Components and Pharmacological Effect of Hominis Placenta:A Review

作　　者：钟文霞 张琦[1] ZHONG Wenxia;ZHANG Qi(School of Basic Medicine,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学基础医学院,成都3611137

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2024年第24期289-298,共10页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81873222)。

摘　　要：紫河车又名“胞衣”,为健康产妇分娩出的胎盘,其在中国已经具有上千年的药用历史。紫河车通常以炮制品或干燥之品入药。根据中医理论,其具有“温肾补精,益气养血”的功效。该文通过对多个数据库有关紫河车的研究进行检索并整理发现,目前从紫河车中已经分离和鉴定出79余种化合物,包括各种氨基酸、蛋白质、脂质、多功能活性因子及常见的无机物和有机化合物。研究表明,紫河车水溶剂提取物具有调节免疫、类激素作用、抗肿瘤、抗纤维、抗炎、抗过敏、抗感染等多种药理活性,并且其临床应用广泛,可用于治疗人体运动系统疾病、神经系统疾病、循环系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病、泌尿系统疾病及生殖系统疾病等多个系统疾病。作为一味使用历史悠久的中药,紫河车在现代医学研究中引起了越来越多的关注,并有望为人们的健康做出更多贡献。随着科学技术的不断进步,对紫河车药理活性的研究将会更为深入,潜在的医学价值也将得到更好的发掘。Hominis Placenta(HP),also known as"Baoyi(placenta)'',is derived from the placenta of healthy parturient women and has a medicinal history in China spanning over a thousand years.HP is typically used in its processed or dried form according to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).TCM theory attributes HP with the abilities to warm the kidney and replenish essence,and benefit Qi and nourish blood.This article reviewed studies on HP from various databases and identified that over 79 compounds have been isolated and identified from HP,including various amino acids,proteins,lipids,multifunctional active factors,as well as common inorganic and organic compounds.Research has shown that aqueous extracts of HP possess numerous pharmacological activities,including immunomodulation,hormone-like effects,anti-tumor,anti-fibrosis,antiinflammatory,anti-allergy,and anti-infection properties.Clinically,HP has been widely used in treating a range of diseases affecting multiple body systems,including the human locomotor system,nervous system,circulatory system,respiratory system,digestive system,urinary system,and reproductive system.As a Chinese medicine with a long history of use,HP has garnered increasing attention in modern medical research and holds promise for contributing significantly to human health.With the continuous advancement of science and technology,research into the pharmacological activities of HP is expected to become more in-depth,uncovering its potential medical value more effectively.

关 键 词：紫河车 化学成分 药理作用 临床应用 综述 

分 类 号：R2-0[医药卫生—中医学] R22R242R285.5R287