中国服务业内部结构分化之谜:偏向型开放视角的解读  

The Puzzle of Structural Differentiation of Service Sectors in China:An Analysis from the Perspective of Biased Opening Up

作　　者：唐保庆[1] 高凯 孙桂玉 高彦彦[2] TANG Baoqing;GAO Kai;SUN Guiyu;GAO Yanyan(School of International Economics and Business,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics and Management,Southeast University)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学国际经贸学院,210023 [2]东南大学经济管理学院,211189

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第9期80-98,共19页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(22BJY047);江苏高校“青蓝工程”中青年学术带头人科研项目(苏教师[2023]27号)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国以经济型服务业快速增长和非经济型公共服务业发展相对滞后为特征的服务业内部结构分化现象与其他国家存在明显差异。本文构建政府产业选择理论模型,从服务业偏向型开放视角研究财政分权制度与偏向型开放的协同效应引发服务业内部结构分化的理论机制。研究发现:(1)偏向型开放给经济型服务业提供了超越公共服务业的发展机遇,在叠加地方政府享有财政分权制度所赋予的资源支配权的背景下,偏向型开放会“引导”地方政府对经济型服务业“超配”资源,财政分权和偏向型开放形成的协同效应推动了服务业内部结构持续分化,这一结论通过了多维度的稳健性检验。(2)上述研究结论随着公共服务行业、地方政府、官员动机、区域等方面的差异而呈现出异质性。(3)要素配置失衡是财政分权和偏向型开放的协同效应推动服务业内部结构分化的重要机制,在控制了其他“替代机制”的情形下,财政分权和偏向型开放的协同效应对服务业内部结构分化的影响依然成立。(4)服务业内部结构分化现象的拐点源于2014年之后偏向型开放程度的扭转,以及地方官员考核方式调整所带来的财政分权与偏向型开放协同效应弱化。本文可以为推动服务业内部均衡发展提供重要的政策启示。The balanced development of the internal structure of the service sectors is an important part of the high quality of the service industry.However,the structural differentiation of the service sectors(hereinafter referred to as SDS)composed of the economic service sectors and the public service sectors is becoming more and more serious in China.The proportion of the economic service sectors in the total service sectors continues to rise,while that of the public service sectors continues to decline,and both sectors failed to achieve coordinated development.We carry out a systematic comparison based on a sample of 50 countries(regions)around the world,and find that the serious SDS in China has become a unique phenomenon independent of other economies,which constitutes a puzzle.We believe that the biased opening up of the service sectors,characterized by the coexistence of the high openness of the economic service sectors and the insufficient openness of the public service sectors,is an important policy factor in promoting SDS.The synergistic effect between the biased opening up of the service sectors and fiscal decentralization strengthens SDS.The reason lies in the fact that due to the insufficient openness of the public service sectors,firms in these sectors lack motivations to carry out positive change and independent innovation,and the efficiency of resource allocation decreases correspondingly.Comparatively,the economic service sectors have a relatively high degree of openness,and the opening up will not only lead to competitive effects among local enterprises but also generate technology spillover effects,which promote the renewal,iteration and vigorous development of the economic service sectors.At the same time,China’s fiscal decentralization system gives local governments the right to freely allocate local resources to advance economic development.In order to win the“GDP Championship”,the local governments allocate more resources to the economic service sectors that can quickly produce economic benef

关 键 词：偏向型开放 财政分权 服务业 结构分化 

分 类 号：F719[经济管理—产业经济]