跨境数据流动政策的福利效应:制约因素与跨国协调  

Welfare Effects of Cross-border Data Flow Policies:Constraints and International Coordination

作　　者：王永进[1,2] 谢芳 王文斌[1] WANG Yongjin;XIE Fang;WANG Wenbin(School of Economics,Nankai University;The Laboratory for Economic Behaviors and Policy Simulation,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,300071 [2]南开大学经济行为与政策模拟实验室,300071

出　　处：《经济研究》2024年第9期99-117,共19页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD074);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073073,72473074)的资助。

摘　　要：本文构建了一个包含商品贸易与跨境数据流动的一般均衡模型,考察了跨境数据流动政策的福利效应,以及单边放开和双边放开跨境数据流动限制的潜在动机和制约因素。结果表明:(1)全世界范围内的跨境数据流动能够提高各国福利,而区域跨境数据流动政策对非成员国的影响取决于数据的规模报酬。当数据规模报酬较低时,其对非成员国具有“以邻为壑”效应;而当数据规模报酬较高时,则具有正向溢出效应。(2)一国单方面放宽跨境数据流动限制对其他国家的福利具有正向促进效应,而本国的福利收益则与数据规模报酬呈正相关。当数据规模报酬较高时,其单边放宽限制可以显著提升本国福利。(3)由于数据的副产品属性和规模报酬递增属性,各国数据政策之间存在互补效应,即一国单方面允许跨境数据流动也会激励其他国家同样放开数据流动限制,从而实现更大的福利效应。特别是当产业数字化程度较低时,更需要跨国政策协调来推动数据流动。本文对于数字经济时代规范和促进跨境数据流动的政策设计以及跨国数据政策的协调具有重要启示意义。Cross-border data flows are emerging as a new driver of global economic growth and are reshaping the patterns of the global economy and trade.However,cross-border data flows also involve complex issues such as data security,privacy protection,and economic interests,prompting countries to implement policies to regulate cross-border data flows.This raises a critical and urgent question:How do cross-border data flows affect production and international trade,and how will corresponding policies shape comparative advantages among countries?This paper develops a general equilibrium model incorporating both goods trade and cross-border data flows,and emphasizes the increasing returns to scale of data in goods production.The returns to scale of data not only capture a country’s level of industrial digitalization but also serve as an important indicator of the value data contribute to production.Larger returns to scale of data imply that data play a larger role,acting as a catalyst for improved production efficiency and becoming an indispensable core element for firms to build sustained competitiveness in the era of big data.Building on this framework,we first examine the welfare effects of policies related to cross-border data flows.We then analyze the potential motivations for a country to unilaterally relax restrictions on cross-border data flows and assess whether such unilateral actions would be sufficient to incentivize other countries to relax their own cross-border data flow policies.We find that the returns to scale of data are a key factor influencing a country’s cross-border data flow policies and play an important role in coordinating international policies on this issue.First,global cross-border data flows can improve welfare across countries,but the impact of regional cross-border data flow policies on non-member countries depends on the returns to scale of data.When the returns to scale of data are low,regional agreements may exert a“beggarthy-neighbor”effect on non-member countries,whereas higher r

关 键 词：大数据 跨境数据流动政策 数据规模报酬 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]