Fecal microbiota reveal adaptation of herbivores to the extreme environment of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau  

作　　者：Hao Zou Qi Li Jie Liu Xiangtao Wang Qun Gao Yunfeng Yang Xinquan Zhao 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Center for Grassland Microbiome,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu,China [2]Qiangtang Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Research Station&College of Animal Science,Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi,Xizang,China [3]Institute of Environment and Ecology,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,Guangdong,China [4]State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai,China

出　　处：《Grassland Research》2024年第2期155-170,共16页草地研究（英文）

基　　金：National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:32171580,42101057,32161123002;Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China,Grant/Award Number:lzujbky-2021-ey03。

摘　　要：Background:Gut microbiota is pivotal in regulating hosts'biological processes and maintaining homeostasis,but knowledge about its role in wild herbivores in extreme environments remains limited.Methods:Gut bacteria and fungi were sequenced in ruminant(Chiru and Yak)and nonruminant(Kiang)herbivores on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,and their community structure,co-occurrence networks,functions,and assembly mechanisms were investigated using multivariate ecological and statistical methods.Results:Kiang had lower gut microbial diversity than Chiru and Yak.Bacterial host-specific exclusivity was greater than that of fungi.In addition to the evidence of glycan biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism,Chiru had a high Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and low animal pathogen abundance,suggesting better adaptation to the plateau's harsh environment.Additionally,members of gut microbiota tended to co-occur rather than co-exclude in all herbivores.Different network complexity and stability patterns were observed between bacterial and fungal communities.Furthermore,gut bacterial assembly was primarily controlled by stochastic dispersal limitation and drift,whereas fungal assembly was primarily controlled by deterministic homogeneous selection except in Chiru.Conclusions:On the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,Chiru and Yak exhibit more diverse gut microbiota and more diverse metabolic functions than Kiang,and gut bacteria are more divergent than gut fungi in these herbivores.

关 键 词：community assembly composition and diversity gut microbiota Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ruminant and nonruminant herbivores 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]