古生物化石的风化机理与保护研究进展  

Review on the fossilweathering mechanism and conservation

作　　者：李颖 罗武干[2,3] 杨益民 汪筱林[2,4] LI Ying;LUO Wugan;YANG Yimin;WANG Xiaolin(Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Science,Beijing,100101;Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100044;Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [3]中国科学院大学考古学与人类学系,北京100049 [4]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《地质论评》2024年第6期2428-2438,共11页Geological Review

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项(编号:20VJXG018);国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(编号:42288201);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号:E1E40905X2);中国社会科学院“青启”计划(编号:2024QQJH069);中国社会科学院考古研究所创新工程(编号:2021KGYJ023)的成果。

摘　　要：化石是研究地质历史、气候变迁、生物演化等的实证,有着极其重要的科学价值。一般情况下,化石经过成岩和化石化作用被无机矿物交代,有一定的抗风化能力,在经过常规清理加固处理即可稳定保存。然而在相对潮湿的环境中,部分化石因其组成成分容易发生物理化学变化,从而开裂粉化,严重威胁其保存。笔者等简要回顾了化石修理加固技术的发展历史,并从风化机理和保护两方面着重介绍了当前学界对化石中盐风化、黄铁矿氧化、干燥失水开裂等方面的研究进展,最后简要对化石保护与文物保护的关系进行论述,以期推动化石保护学科的深入发展。Fossil has great scientific value because it has witnessed geological history,climatic change,biological evolution,etc.The diagenetic process,combined with chemical,physical,and biological interactions,leads to fossils having higher resistance to weathering and can be stored stably by development and consolidation.However,the composition of some fossils could easily undergo chemical and physical changes in a relatively humid environment,leading to the development of cracks,spalls,and powder,which threatens the conservation of fossils.This paper briefly reviews the development of fossil conservation and focuses on the mechanism and conservation management of fossil weathering,such as salt decay,pyrite decay,and cracking by losing water.Finally,we briefly discuss the relationship between the conservation of fossils and cultural relics.The aim of this review is to guide readers in managing weathering fossils and promote fossil conservation for further development.

关 键 词：自然遗产保护 化石保护 盐风化 黄铁矿氧化 化学风化 

分 类 号：P512.1[天文地球—地质学] Q911.2[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]