施肥方式对连作芝麻田理化特性及主要病害的影响  

Effects of Fertilization Methods on Physicochemical Properties and Main Diseases of Continuous Cropping Sesame Field

作　　者：丁芳 吕树立 郑东方 崔钦然 王卫民 刘心辉 DING Fang;LÜShuli;ZHENG Dongfang;CUI Qinran;WANG Weimin;LIU Xinhui(Shangqiu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shangqiu 476100,China;Suiyang District Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Shangqiu City,Shangqiu 476000,China;Tongxu County Agricultural Bureau,Tongxu 475400,China;People's Government of Xinqiao Town of Yongcheng City,Yongcheng 476600,China)

机构地区：[1]商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476100 [2]商丘市睢阳区农业农村局,河南商丘476000 [3]通许县农业局,河南通许475400 [4]永城市新桥镇人民政府,河南永城476600

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第6期79-85,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(212102110371);河南省农科系统协同创新合力发展工程项目(2020CX02);商丘市农林科学院科技攻关项目(2021006.2)。

摘　　要：以芝麻抗逆品种商芝196为试验材料,采用连作5 a的芝麻田土壤进行盆栽试验,设置常规施肥(CK)、常规施肥+生物炭(T1)、常规施肥+生物有机肥(T2)、常规施肥+生物炭+生物有机肥(T3)共4个处理,探究生物炭与生物有机肥配施对芝麻连作土壤的理化性质、微生物数量、酶活性及芝麻常见病害发病率的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,T3处理的土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量、pH值分别显著增加7.85%、37.78%、38.72%、36.32%、21.67%;土壤中的细菌、放线菌数量分别显著增加30.11%、15.72%,而真菌数量显著降低10.55%。在芝麻不同生育时期,各施肥处理的土壤酶活性均高于CK,其中,T3处理苗期、盛花期、成熟期过氧化氢酶活性分别较CK增加11.37%、15.68%、54.68%,碱性磷酸酶活性分别较CK增加14.47%、21.57%、26.39%;另外,芝麻枯萎病和茎点枯病发病率分别较CK降低18.16%、41.21%;芝麻的每蒴粒数、千粒质量、产量分别较CK增加15.70%、22.17%、35.15%。综上,常规施肥+生物炭+生物有机肥能够有效改善芝麻连作土壤的理化性质,提高芝麻根区土壤酶活和微生物数量,降低主要病害发生率。In this study,a sesame stress resistant variety,Shangzhi 196,was used as the experimental material,and the sesame field soil with continuous cropping for 5 years was used for pot experiment.Four treatments were set up:conventional fertilization treatment(CK),conventional fertilization+biochar(T1),conventional fertilization+biological organic fertilizer(T2),conventional fertilization+biochar+biological organic fertilizer(T3)to explore the effects of biochar combined with biological organic fertilizer on the physicochemical properties,microbial quantity,enzyme activity,and incidence rate of common sesame diseases of sesame continuous cropping soil.The results showed that compared with CK,T3 treatment significantly increased soil alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,organic matter content,and pH value by 7.85%,37.78%,38.72%,36.32%,and 21.67%,respectively.The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil increased significantly by 30.11%and 15.72%,respectively,while the number of fungi decreased significantly by 10.55%;At different growth stages of sesame,the soil enzyme activity of each fertilization treatment was higher than that of the control treatment.Among them,T3 treatment increased the catalase activity in the seedling stage,full flowering stage,and mature stage by 11.37%,15.68%,and 54.68%respectively compared to CK,and the alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 14.47%,21.57%,and 26.39%respectively compared to CK.In addition,the incidence rate of sesame wilt and stem spot blight decreased by 18.16%and 41.21%respectively.The number of seeds per capsule,one thousand grain weight,and yield of sesame increased by 15.70%,22.17%,and 35.15%,respectively.In summary,conventional fertilization+biochar+biological organic fertilizer treatment could effectively improve the physicochemical properties of sesame continuous cropping soil,increase enzyme activity and microbial quantity in sesame root zone soil,reduce the incidence of main diseases.

关 键 词：芝麻连作 生物炭 生物有机肥 土壤理化性质 酶活 病害 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]