迈向包容性土地征用:选择模式与运行逻辑——以印度土地征用为研究对象  

Towards Inclusive Land Expropriation:Models and Operational Logic—A Study on Land Expropriation in India

作　　者：邓大才 徐伟红 DENG Da-cai;XU Wei-hong

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国农村研究院

出　　处：《河北学刊》2024年第6期155-168,共14页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重点项目“2020年后农村减贫与乡村振兴协同推进研究”(20AKS003)。

摘　　要：随着经济社会的现代化转型,土地征用日益成为发展中国家优化土地资源配置和转变经济发展方式的重要手段。印度土地征用历经殖民主义时期、国家发展主义时期和新自由主义时期三个阶段,呈现出从汲取性向包容性转变的趋势。在经济自由化和政治权力下放的双重作用下,印度在实践中形成土地整合重组模式、土地统筹集中模式、转让发展权利模式、引导土地发展模式和土地联合开发模式等五种典型模式。包容性土地征用以效率性和公平性为价值取向,在实践中表现为效率与公平的动态均衡,具有经济包容性、社会包容性和政治包容性等现实表征。印度包容性土地征用遵循特定运行逻辑:土地资源利用的帕累托改进为土地经济提供增长基础;土地的多元价值为可接受的补偿奠定估值基础;公民社会阶段的民主参与确保社会同意经营;土地制度的变革与调适构成土地征用包容性转向的制度逻辑。以印度土地征用的经验与教训为参考,结合中国具体情境进行适应性借鉴,有助于探索具有中国特色的包容性土地征用模式和路径。With the modernization and transformation of economic and social structures,land expropriation has increasingly become a crucial means for developing countries to optimize land resource allocation and shift their economic development strategies.Land expropriation in India has gone through three phases:the colonial period,the state developmentalism period,and the neoliberal period,showing a trend from extractive to inclusive practices.Under the dual forces of economic liberalization and political decentralization,India has developed five typical models of land expropriation in practice:land integration and restructuring,centralized land pooling,development rights transfer,guided land development,and joint land development.Inclusive land expropriation is guided by the values of efficiency and equity,and in practice,it demonstrates a dynamic balance between these two.It has the practical characteristics of economic,social,and political inclusiveness.The inclusive land expropriation in India follows a specific operational logic:Pareto improvements in land resource utilization provide the foundation for land-based economic growth;the multifaceted value of land underpins the valuation basis for acceptable compensation;democratic participation at the stage of civil society ensures social consent in operations;the transformation and adaptation of land institutions form the institutional logic behind the shift towards inclusive land expropriation.Drawing on the experiences and lessons from India’s land expropriation and adapting them to China’s specific context could help explore a model and pathway for inclusive land expropriation with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：土地征用 包容性发展 效率性 公平性 印度 

分 类 号：C913.9[经济管理]