梨简化树形及树体改造技术  

Simplified tree shape and tree body transformation technology of pear

作　　者：李先明[1] 涂俊凡[1] 朱红艳[1] 张力 徐文兴[2] 刘金平 LI Xian-ming;TU Jun-fan;ZHU Hong-yan;ZHANG Li;XU Wen-xing;LIU Jin-ping(Institute of Fruit and Tea,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Xinzhou District Technical Service Station of Fruit and Tea,Wuhan 431400,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所,武汉430064 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070 [3]武汉市新洲区果茶技术服务站,武汉431400

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2024年第11期79-85,90,共8页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省科技服务园艺产业链“515”行动(协同推广)水果产业科技服务行动,湖北省支持种业高质量发展资金项目(HBZY2023B00504)。

摘　　要：以鄂梨2号为试验材料,研究棚架改造树形、改良纺锤形及小冠疏层形的冠层相对光照强度、叶片光合效率及其对果实品质、田间产量的影响。结果表明,棚架改造树形、改良纺锤形、小冠疏层形的冠内平均相对光照强度分别为71.58%、72.78%、50.96%,小冠疏层形存在无效光区;叶片平均净光合速率分别为11.56、11.39、8.08μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s)。棚架改造树形果实单果质量、可溶性固形物含量分别较小冠疏层形高17.59%、6.61%;改良纺锤形的田间产量较棚架改造树形高47.80%,小冠疏层形的田间产量较棚架改造树形高11.90%,存在显著差异。鄂梨2号的棚架改造树形及改良纺锤形显著改善了树体的风、光通透条件,叶片光合效率高,为提升果实品质及增加田间产量打下了物质基础。Taking E pear No.2 as the experimental material,the effects of canopy relative light intensity,leaf photosynthetic efficiency of trellis transformed shape,spindle shape and small and sparse canopy shape on fruit quality and field yield were studied.The results showed that the average relative light intensity in the canopy was 71.58%,72.78% and 50.96% for trellis transformed shape,spindle shape and small and sparse canopy shape respectively,and small and sparse canopy shape had ineffective light areas;the average net photosynthetic rates of leaves were 11.56,11.39,8.08 μmol CO_(2)/(m^(2)·s),respectively.The single fruit weight and soluble solid content of fruit with trellis transformed shape were 17.59% and 6.61% higher than those with small and sparse canopy shape;the field yield of the modified spindle shape was 47.80% higher than that of the reconstructed tree with trellis,and the field yield of the small and sparse canopy shape was 11.90% higher than that of the reconstructed tree with trellis,showing significant differences.The modified trellis shape and spindle shape of E pear No.2 significantly improved the wind and light permeability conditions of the tree,and the leaf photosynthetic efficiency was high,which laid the material foundation for improving the fruit quality and increasing the field yield.

关 键 词：鄂梨2号 棚架改造 简化树形 产量 净光合速率 

分 类 号：S666.1[农业科学—果树学]