野生和养殖秦岭细鳞鲑幼鱼的营养成分分析  

Nutritional components analysis of wild and farmed Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis juvenile fish

作　　者：吴金明[1] 吴金平[1] 董春燕 褚志鹏[1] 叶欢[1] 杜浩[1] 乔新美[1] WU Jin-ming;WU Jin-ping;DONG Chun-yan;CHU Zhi-peng;YE Huan;DU Hao;QIAO Xin-mei(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,武汉430223

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2024年第11期180-184,190,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题项目(2021YFD1200204);国家自然科学基金青年项目(31602165)。

摘　　要：以体重、体长基本一致的野生和养殖秦岭细鳞鲑幼鱼为研究对象,采用生化分析法对肌肉、全鱼成分进行测定与分析。结果表明,野生和养殖的秦岭细鳞鲑全鱼水分含量、粗蛋白含量及肌肉脂肪含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);养殖秦岭细鳞鲑全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于野生秦岭细鳞鲑(P<0.05);养殖秦岭细鳞鲑肌肉水分含量和粗蛋白含量显著低于野生秦岭细鳞鲑(P<0.05)。野生和养殖的秦岭细鳞鲑全鱼、肌肉中均测出27种脂肪酸,其中9种为饱和脂肪酸(SFA),6种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和12种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)。野生秦岭细鳞鲑全鱼的饱和脂肪酸显著高于养殖秦岭细鳞鲑(P<0.05);而野生秦岭细鳞鲑全鱼的单不饱和脂肪酸以及肌肉的单不饱和脂肪酸、肌肉的多不饱和脂肪酸均显著低于养殖秦岭细鳞鲑(P<0.05)。养殖秦岭细鳞鲑肌肉中精氨酸、苏氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸含量著低于野生秦岭细鳞鲑(P<0.05);养殖全鱼必需氨基酸中仅组氨酸含量著高于野生秦岭细鳞鲑(P<0.05)。The study focused on wild and farmed juvenile Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis,which had similar body weight and length.Biochemical analysis was used to determine and analyze the muscle and whole fish components.The results showed that there was no significant difference(P>0.05)in the water content,crude protein content,and muscle fat content of wild and farmed Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis whole fish;the crude fat content of whole fish of farmed Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis was significantly higher than that of wild Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis(P<0.05);the water content and crude protein content of the muscle of farmed Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis were significantly lower than those of wild Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis(P<0.05).27 fatty acids were detected in the whole fish and muscles of both wild and farmed Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis,including 9 saturated fatty acids(SFA),6 monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA),and 12 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA).The saturated fatty acids of wild Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis whole fish were significantly higher than those of farmed Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis(P<0.05);however,the monounsaturated fatty acids in the whole fish,as well as the monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscles of wild Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis,were significantly lower than those of farmed Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis(P<0.05).The contents of arginine,threonine,alanine,glycine,leucine,and tyrosine in the muscles of farmed Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis were significantly lower than those of wild Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis(P<0.05);among essential amino acids,only the histidine content in the whole fish of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis raised in aquaculture was significantly higher than that of wild Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis(P<0.05).

关 键 词：秦岭细鳞鲑 野生 养殖 幼鱼 营养成分 氨基酸 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]