氮磷钾肥料对玉米产量及经济效益的影响  

The Effect of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers on Corn Yield and Economic Benefit

作　　者：李华荣 LI Huarong(Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Songtao Miao Autonomous County,Songtao,Guizhou 554100)

机构地区：[1]松桃苗族自治县农业农村局,贵州松桃554100

出　　处：《热带农业工程》2024年第5期70-73,共4页Tropical Agricultural Engineering

摘　　要：以玉米品种‘先玉1171号’为试验材料,针对氮磷钾肥料施用量促使玉米增产及经济效益的影响,进行了多点田间氮、磷、钾肥料对比试验,获得了土壤养分的供肥能力。在优化栽培管理条件下,为得出氮肥、磷肥和钾肥对玉米产量的影响,获得肥料利用率与农学效率的关系,根据土壤养分的测试结果的丰缺指标,将氮、磷、钾肥料进行科学合理搭配,试验提高单位面积的经济效益。试验结果:氮磷钾不同配比施用对玉米的产量和肥效有明显的影响。最佳施肥量为氮肥(N)18.6kg/667m^(2)、磷肥(P)43kg/667m^(2)、钾肥(K)10.3 kg/667 m^(2),N、P、K比为8.6∶5.2∶5.4,试验得出氮肥是决定玉米产量的主要因素,而磷肥、钾肥也不可缺少,所以科学施肥、合理配方,不仅可以提高化肥利用率,同时也是玉米增产增效的保证。Using the corn variety'Xianyu 1171'as the experimental material,multiple field trials comparing nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)fertilizers were conducted to investigate their effects on corn yield increase and economic benefits.These trials helped in understanding the soil's nutrient-supplying capacity.Under optimized cultivation management,the impacts of N,P,and K fertilizers on corn yield components were determined,along with the relationship between fertilizer utilization efficiency and agronomic efficiency.Based on the soil nutrient test results and their sufficiency indicators,N,P,and K fertilizers were scientifically and reasonably combined to enhance economic returns per unit area.The trial results showed that different ratios of N,P,and K fertilizers significantly influenced corn yield and fertilizer efficacy.The optimal application rates were found to be 18.6 kg/667 m^(2) for N,43 kg/667 m^(2) for P,and 10.03 kg/667 m^(2) for K,with an N:P:K ratio of 8.6:5.2:5.4.The study concluded that N is the primary factor determining corn yield,while P and K fertilizers are also indispensable.Therefore,scientific fertilization and rational formulation not only improve fertilizer utilization efficiency but also ensure increased corn production and profitability.

关 键 词：氮磷钾肥 玉米 产量构成 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]