C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)和C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O的合成与性能  

Synthesis and Properties of C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)and C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O

作　　者：刘威 苟晓东 郭晓壮 杨彩 LIU Wei;GOU Xiao-dong;GUO Xiao-zhuang;YANG Cai(School of Environmental and Safety Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;Gansu Yinguang Chemistry Corporation,Norinco Group,Baiyin,730900,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学环境与安全工程学院,山西太原030051 [2]甘肃银光化学工业集团有限公司,甘肃白银730900

出　　处：《含能材料》2024年第11期1138-1144,共7页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：山西省青年科学基金(202103021223179)。

摘　　要：研究采用小分子燃料1,4,7,10-四氮环十二烷与硝酸、高氯酸发生成盐反应,制备了C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)和C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O两种单质炸药。通过单晶X-射线衍射、红外光谱、元素分析、差热分析、热重分析、EXPLO 5.0程序对目标产物的结构、热性能、爆轰性能进行了研究。结果表明,C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)属正交晶系,Pcc2空间群,晶体密度为1.968 g·cm^(-3);C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O的晶体为二水合物,属单斜晶型,P21/n空间群,晶体密度为1.642 g·cm^(-3)。C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O和C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)的热分解峰值温度及活化能分别为293.2℃、284.1℃和131.76、195.18 kJ·mol^(-1)。C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O和C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)表现出了较为优异的爆轰性能,其爆速、爆压分别可达8058、8680 m·s^(-1)和24.0、36.2 GPa。此外,C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O和C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)的撞击感度分别为36、33 J,摩擦感度均大于360 N。Two new explosives,C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)and C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O,were prepared from 1,4,7,10-tetranitrocyclododecane by salt formation with nitric acid and perchloric acid respectively.The structures,thermal properties,and detonation performances of the target products were studied through single crystal X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy,elemental analysis,differential thermal analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,and EXPLO 5.0 program.Results indicate that C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)crystallizes in the orthogonal crystal system,Pcc2 space group with a crystal density 1.968 g·cm^(-3).The crystal of C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O is a dihydrate with a crystal density of 1.642 g·cm^(-3),which belongs to the monoclinic crystal system P21/n space group.The thermal decomposition peak temperatures of C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O and C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)are 293.2℃and 284.1℃,and activation energies are 131.76 kJ·mol^(-1)and 195.18 kJ·mol^(-1),respectively.Compounds C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O and C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)exhibit excellent detonation properties,showing very promising performance values(C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O,D=8058 m·s^(-1),p=24.0 GPa;C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4),D=8680 m·s^(-1),p=36.2 GPa).Moreover,the impact sensitivities of C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(NO_(3))_(4)·2H_(2)O and C_(8)H_(24)N_(4)(ClO_(4))_(4)are 36 J and 33 J,respectively,and their friction sensitivities are higher than 360 N.

关 键 词：1 4 7 10-四氮环十二烷 含能离子化合物 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O62[理学—有机化学]