微波辅助Al@PVDF⁃OH复合燃料的制备及其燃烧性能  

Preparation and Combustion Performance of Microwave Assisted Al@PVDF⁃OH Composite Fuel

作　　者：朱开天 朱权[1] 何伟 郭彦丽 ZHU Kai-tian;ZHU Quan;HE Wei;GUO Yan-li(School of Chemical Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Spatial Mechanism and Intelligent Spacecraft,Ministry of Education,School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学化学工程学院,四川成都610065 [2]四川大学空天科学与工程学院空间先进机构与智能飞行器教育部重点实验室,四川成都610065 [3]成都大学机械工程学院,四川成都610106

出　　处：《含能材料》2024年第11期1145-1153,共9页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：固体推进全国重点实验室开放基金。

摘　　要：聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)等氟聚物可有效抑制铝粉的团聚并提高铝粉的反应活性。但氟聚物与被氧化铝覆盖的Al颗粒表面之间亲和性较差,氟聚物直接包覆在Al表面对团聚的抑制效果并不理想。为增强氟聚物与铝粉间的相互作用,改善铝粉燃烧性能,研究采用微波辅助反应的方法得到了羟基化改性的PVDF-OH,利用溶剂/非溶剂法将PVDF-OH包覆在铝粉表面得到了Al@PVDF-OH复合燃料,并进一步制备了复合固体推进剂。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射仪对PVDF-OH的分子结构与元素组成进行了研究;采用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、高速摄像机和氧弹量热仪等设备对Al@PVDF-OH复合燃料的微观结构组成及其燃烧性能进行了研究。结果表明,微波辅助制备得到的PVDF-OH有着较高的羟基含量,微波功率240 W下处理1 min时制备得到的PVDF-OH最佳。Al@PVDF-OH复合燃料的燃烧性能优于包覆PVDF的Al@PVDF复合燃料与加热改性处理PVDF-OH(H)的Al@PVDF-OH(H)复合燃料,在PVDF-OH含量为15%时最佳。与纯Al相比,PVDF-OH含量为15%的Al@PVDF-OH复合燃料的燃烧热值由19140 kJ·kg^(-1)增加到24912 kJ·kg^(-1);与AP混合后的燃烧测试结果表明,Al@PVDF-OH复合燃料燃烧性能相较于Al有明显改善,点火延迟时间由77 ms缩短至70 ms,燃速由195.7 mm·s^(-1)提高到225.7 mm·s^(-1)。基于Al@PVDF-OH复合燃料的固体推进剂与铝基固体推进剂相比,其燃烧热值由13281 kJ·kg^(-1)增加到14020 kJ·kg^(-1);燃速由1.281 mm·s^(-1)提高到1.915 mm·s^(-1),凝聚相燃烧产物D90由74.324μm降至52.749μm。Fluoropolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)can effectively inhibit the agglomeration of aluminum powder and enhance its reactivity.However,the affinity between fluorinated polymers and the surface of Al particles covered by alumina is poor,and the inhibitory effect of fluorinated polymers directly coating the Al surface on Al aggregation is not ideal.In this study,a microwave-enhanced reaction method was used to obtain hydroxylated modified PVDF-OH.PVDF-OH was coated on the surface of aluminum powder by solvent/non-solvent method for preparation [e-mail],the prepared Al@PVDF-OH composite fuel is used to prepare composite solid propellants.The molecular structure and elemental composition of PVDF-OH were studied using infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.Using equipment such as scanning electron microscope,differential scanning calorimeter,high-speed camera,and oxygen bomb calorimeter study the microstructure composition and combustion performance of Al@PVDF-OH composite fuels.The results showed that the PVDF-OH prepared by microwave-assisted preparation had a higher hydroxyl content,and the optimal treatment condition was 1 minute at a microwave power of 240 W.The combustion performance of Al@PVDF-OH composite fuel was superior to that of Al@PVDF composite fuel coated with unmodified PVDF and Al@PVDF-OH(H)composite fuel coated with heat-modified PVDF-OH(H).The optimal PVDF-OH content was found to be 15%.Compared to pure aluminum,the combustion heat value of Al@PVDF-OH com-posite fuel with 15%PVDF-OH increased from 19140 kJ·kg^(-1)to 24912 kJ·kg^(-1).Combustion tests mixed with ammonium perchlorate(AP)showed that the ignition delay time of Al@PVDF-OH composite fuel shortened from 77 ms to 70 ms,and the burning rate increased from 195.7 mm·s^(-1)to 225.7 mm·s^(-1)compared to pure aluminum.Compared to aluminum-based solid propellants,solid propellants based on Al@PVDF-OH composite fuel exhibited an increase in combustion heat value from 13281 kJ·kg^(-1)to 14020 kJ·kg^(-1),an incr

关 键 词：聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF) 铝粉 微波辅助 固体推进剂 燃烧性能 复合燃料 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]