人工智能对中国职业的影响探究——基于任务替代性的评估方法  

Exploration the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Occupations in China--Based on A Task Substitutability Assessment Method

作　　者：于建伟 张新民[2] YU Jian-wei;ZHANG Xin-min(School of Marxism,Southwest University,Chongqing 400799,China;Research base of educational legislation,Southwest University,Chongqing 400799,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学马克思主义学院,重庆400799 [2]西南大学教育立法研究基地,重庆400799

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期71-78,共8页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“人工智能嵌入思想政治教育的逻辑机理与实践路径研究”(21YJC7100016)。

摘　　要：随着人工智能的快速发展,其对各类职业的影响日益广泛而深刻。借助GPT-4卓越的工作任务评估能力,并结合职业分类大典对职业主要工作任务的科学概括,可以构建出一种适合中国国情、区别于西方的评估方法,用于衡量人工智能对中国职业的影响程度。基于该方法,对中国1 625个职业进行全面评估,结果表明约65%的工作内容面临人工智能影响,具备科学性、批判性、创造性、社会智力以及身体技艺的职业受影响较低,人工智能的影响与工资水平无关,但与工资成长空间呈反向关联,与用工缺口有一定关联,与职业数字化关联较小,劳动者对人工智能的影响普遍预估不足,因此,建议不同影响程度的劳动者应采取不同的应对策略,各职业主体均应积极应对这一趋势。With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,its impact on various occupations is becoming increasingly widespread and profound.Leveraging the outstanding task assessment capabilities of GPT-4,combined with a scientific summary of major work tasks from occupational classification databases,a unique assessment method tailored to China s national conditions,distinct from Western approaches,can be conducted to measure the extent of artificial intelligence s impact on occupations in China.Using this method,a comprehensive assessment of 1,625 occupations in China reveals that approximately 65%of work content is susceptible to the influence of articifical intelligence,and physical skills are less affected.The impact of artificial intelligence is unrelated to wage levels but inversely related to wage growth potential,has some correlation with labor shortages,and is minimally associated with occupational digitization.Workers generally underestimate the effect of artificial intelligence.Therefore,it is recommended that workers with varying degrees of impact adopt different coping strategies,and all occupational stakeholders should actively respond to this trend.

关 键 词：人工智能 职业 劳动 任务替代性 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]