“网络互助”法律性质的争议与回应——基于混合合同理论的思考  

The Dispute and Response of the Legal Nature of“Mutual Assistance on the Internet”——ased on the Mixed Contract Theory

作　　者：王俐智[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《清华法律评论》2023年第2期72-89,共18页Tsinghua Law Review

摘　　要：网络互助是互联网经济背景下的新兴事物,对于其法律性质界定存在较大争议。网络互助与保险、相互保险在风险转移、偿付能力以及监管方面均存在本质区别,网络互助也不符合赠与合同的单务性和无偿性。既有观点已陷入典型合同泥沼,唯有运用混合合同理论方能拨开迷雾。根据混合合同理论,网络互助存在平台与会员的委托关系和会员之间的射幸关系这两层法律关系。委托与射幸相互依存,不可能脱离对方而独立存在,因而构成混合合同。基于网络互助的性质界定,实践中的互助金支付主体难题以及互助条件认定难题均可纾解。Mutual assistance on the Internet is a new thing under the background of Internet economy,and its legal nature is controversial.There are essential differences between mutual assistance on the Internet,insurance and mutual insurance in risk transfer,solvency and supervision.The mutual assistance on the Internet also does not have the unilateral and gratuitous nature of the gift contract.The existing viewpoints have fallen into the mire of typical contract,and only by using the mixed contract theory can the fog be cleared up.According to the mixed contract theory,there are two legal relations of the mutual assistance on the Internet,namely,the entrustment relationship between the platform and members and the aleatory relationship between members.Entrustment relationship and aleatory relationship are interdependent and cannot exist independently from each other,therefore,it constitutes a mixed contract.Based on the nature of the mutual assistance on the Internet,the problems of payment subject and mutual assistance condition identification in practice can be alleviated.

关 键 词：网络互助 混合合同 委托关系 射幸关系 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]