近代中国监察权与检察权的关系及其嬗变  

Supervision and Prosecution in Modern Chinese history:A Historical Study

作　　者：何思萌 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学法学院

出　　处：《清华法律评论》2023年第2期181-198,共18页Tsinghua Law Review

摘　　要：清末民初之际,传统的御史制度面临改革,新式的检察制度刚刚舶来中国,此时由都察院行使监察权,检察权尚在萌发之中;北京政府时期,最高监察机构肃政厅在平政院处理纠弹案件,区分“违法惩戒”与“刑事审判”;至南京国民政府时期,监察院成为“五院”之一,检察机关则是司法院的组成部分,两权在处理职务违法犯罪案件中相互协作。随着国家司法制度与监察制度的完善,近代中国监察权和检察权的关系经历了全盘西化、中西并存到相互融合的三个阶段,展现了两种权力独有的特点和功能,显示出近代中国从传统向现代转型的彷徨与适应。At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the traditional censorate system faced reform,and the new⁃style procuratorial system had just been introduced to China.At this time,the Duchayuan exercised the power of supervision,and the power of prosecution was still in its infancy.During the Beijing government period,the highest supervisory organ,the Suzhengting,handled cases of complaints and accusations in the Pingzhengyuan,distinguishing between“Punishment for violations”and“Criminal trials”.By the time of the Nanjing Government,the Control Yuan became“one of the five powers”,and the procuratorial organs were part of the Judicial Yuan,cooperating with each other in cases of official crimes.With the improvement of the national judicial system and supervisory system,the relationship between supervision and prosecution in modern China went through three stages:complete Westernization,coexistence of Chinese and Western,and integration.They showed the unique characteristics and functions of the two powers,and reflected the hesitation and adaptation of modern China between tradition and modernity.

关 键 词：检察署 监察院 肃政厅 都察院 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]