个人信息保护视域下用户标签的法律属性与分层治理  

Personal Information Protection under the Vision of UserLabels' Legal Attribute and Hierarchical Governance

作　　者：张善根 杜伟杰 ZHANG Shangen;DU Weijie(Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201700,China)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院,上海201700

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期20-31,共12页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：目前学界对用户标签属性的讨论主要集中于其是否为个人信息,并以此为基础建构相应的保护机制。然而,现有讨论主要基于标签本身能否识别到具体个人的静态考量,无法准确把握其本质。通过对用户标签生成过程及机理的动态考察可以发现,用户标签对个人信息的碎片化处理并不能否定其个人信息的本质属性,但在形成的不同阶段其权利构成有所不同。因此,用户标签的治理应当根据不同阶段的权利构成进行分层治理。信息收集层的权利基础是用户对个人信息的自主控制,用户享有是否同意个人信息处理行为的绝对权;标签生成层的权利基础是维护秩序合理和平衡的国家义务,用户享有免于歧视或错误评判的相对权;标签应用层的权利基础是避免用户标签应用侵害用户实体利益、支配个人意志,用户享有维系人格和权利保障的防御性权利。用户标签治理需要根据不同层级以充分知情和自主决定、人为干预和用户控制,以及多维拒绝和规则解释为基本目标进行制度建构和规制适用。At present,the discussion on the attribute of user labels mainly focuses on whether it is personal information,and constructs the attribute based on which the protection mechanism should be.However,the current discussion is mainly based on static considerations of whether the labels itself can identify specific individuals,and cannot be accurately defined to grasp the essence.Through the dynamic investigation of the process and mechanism of user labels generation,it can be found that the fragmentation of user labels to personal information can not deny the essential attributes of personal information,but its right composition is different in different stages of formation.Hence the user label the governance should be stratified according to the composition of rights in different stages.The right basis of the information collection layer is the user's own personal information master control,users have the absolute right to consent to the processing of personal information.The right basis of the label generation layer is to maintain reasonable and orderly balanced state obligations,where users have a relative right to be free from discrimination or misjudgment.The right base of the label application layer is to avoid user labeling the application infringes the entity interests of the user,dominating the personal will,and the user enjoys the defensive rights to maintain personality and rights protection.User label treatment principles need to be based on full informed and autonomous decisions at different levels,human intervention and user control,as well as multidimensional rejection and rule interpretation this goal is to construct the system and apply the regulation.

关 键 词：用户标签 法律属性 权利基础 个人信息权利 分层治理 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]