新《公司法》视域下法定代表人制度的省思与革新  

Reflection and Reform on the Legal RepresentativeSystem from the Perspective of the New Company Law

作　　者：周倩儿 ZHOU Qianer(Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期32-38,共7页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：《公司法》在经历2013年与2018年小幅修订后,于2023年迎来了首次全面修订。修订重点内容之一即优化公司治理,其中关于法定代表人制度的完善有利于提高公司治理效率和解决实践中因法定代表人这一特殊身份而引起的诸多问题。新《公司法》在回应公司实际需求方面迈出了重要一步。首次明确了法定代表人身份随职位变动而自然终止,无需再通过修改章程来确认,以及具有故意或重大过失的董事、高级管理人员需直接面向第三方承担责任。但在法定代表人未及时上任时的公司义务履行、法定代表人涤除登记的直接规范,以及法院判决与商事登记机关间工作冲突的协调方案等复杂问题上,仍有完善空间。After minor revisions in 2013 and 2018,the Company Law underwent its first comprehensive revision in 2023.One of the key contents of the revision is to optimize corporate governance,among which the improvement of the legal representative system is conducive to improving the efficiency of corporate governance and solving many problems caused by the special identity of the legal representative in practice.As the key role of the legal representative in exercising business execution power to the outside world,the optimization of its system has become an important part of corporate governance.The new Company Law and its three revised drafts provide a more standardized textual basis for the legal representative system.By carefully revising the provisions on the establishment,appointment,powers,and responsibilities of the shareholders'meeting,board of directors,and legal representative,we can gain a profound insight into an advanced and upgraded version of the legal representative system after the adjustment of the new Company Law.The new Company Law has taken an important step in responding to the actual needs of companies.For example,it has been clarified for the first time that the identity of the legal representative naturally terminates with a change in position,without the need to confirm it through amending the articles of association,and that directors and senior management personnel with intentional or gross negligence are directly responsible to third parties.However,there is still room for improvement in complex issues such as the fulfillment of company obligations when the legal representative fails to take office in a timely manner,the direct regulation of the removal of registration by the legal representative,and the coordination plan for conflicts between court judgments and business registration authorities.

关 键 词：新《公司法》 董事 法定代表人 

分 类 号：D912.29[政治法律—民商法学]