甘蔗种质资源的梢腐病抗性评价  

Rsistance Evaluation of Sugarcane Germplasm Against Pokkah Boeng Disease

作　　者：张池 许誉芝 魏乙斌 姜春秀 杨世常 李火建 伍玉玲 陈珺 曾力方 黄凤敏 杨光琴 张木清[1] 暴怡雪 ZHANG Chi;XU Yuzhi;WEI Yibin;JIANG Chunxiu;YANG Shichang;LI Huojian;WU Yuling;CHEN Jun;ZENG Lifang;HUANG Fengmin;YANG Guangqin;ZHANG Muqing;BAO Yixue(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University/State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Biore-sources,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China;Dehong Sugarcane Research Institute,Longchuan,Yunnan 678707,China;Fusui Ag-riculture and Rural Bureau,Chongzuo,Guangxi 532100,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院/亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广西南宁530004 [2]德宏州甘蔗科学研究所,云南陇川678707 [3]扶绥县农业农村局,广西崇左532100

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第11期2334-2343,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(No.2024GXNSFAA010441);国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)专项基金(No.CARS170109)

摘　　要：甘蔗梢腐病是我国甘蔗的主要病害之一,严重影响甘蔗的产量,给甘蔗产业带来了很大的经济损失。筛选和培育抗梢腐病甘蔗种质是最为经济、有效的防治手段。本研究通过在广西丁当和云南德宏进行为期3 a的田间试验,分析2015—2017年甘蔗梢腐病的田间自然发病数据,评价了我国选育引进的98份甘蔗种质的抗病性,旨在为甘蔗抗病育种提供数据参考。结果表明:梢腐病在不同地区表现出显著差异,平均发病率和病情指数均显示为丁当>德宏。联合方差分析表明,种质、年份、地点、月份、种质×年份、种质×地点、地点×月份均对梢腐病的发病率和病情指数具有极显著影响(P<0.001)。其中,种质和年份对甘蔗梢腐病的影响最大,表明梢腐病主要受遗传因素和环境因素控制。比较不同地点的气象条件发现,梢腐病发病程度与气温和年降雨量呈现正向相关趋势。在98个甘蔗种质中,16个种质表现为高抗,占比16.33%;32个种质表现为抗病,占比32.65%;18个种质表现为中抗,占比18.37%;24个种质表现感病,占比24.49%;8个种质表现高感,占比8.16%。其中,高抗甘蔗种质CP94-1100、Q202、ROC21、ROC23、粤糖93-159、桂糖02-1247、桂糖02-208、桂糖02-761、桂糖03-1403、粤甘16、桂糖05-3846、桂糖05-827、ROC22、粤糖00-236、粤糖89-240和粤糖94-128可考虑用作亲本进行抗病育种。而表现为高感的甘蔗种质CP72-2086、PINDAR、ROC26、桂糖02-619、桂糖05-2743、桂糖05-322、柳城03-182、水电25则需要谨慎应用。总之,本研究筛选出在不同环境下具有稳定抗性的种质,对后续种质的利用和抗性种质的选育具有重要意义。Sugarcane pokkah boeng disease(PBD)is a major disease of sugarcane in China,which severely affects the yield of sugarcane and causes significant economic losses.Selection and cultivation of PBD resistant sugarcane germ-plasms is the most economical and effective control method.In this study,a three-year field experiment was conducted in Dingdang of Guangxi,and Dehong of Yunnan to analyze the natural disease data of sugarcane PBD from 2015 to 2017.The objective was to evaluate the disease resistance of 98 sugarcane germplasms in China and provide a reference for breeding disease-resistant sugarcane.The results indicated significant difference between different regions,with the average incidence and disease index higher in Dingdang than Dehong.Joint analysis of variance(ANOVA)showed that germplasms,year,location,month,germplasms×year,germplasms×location and location×month had a significant im-pact on the incidence and disease index of tip rot(P<0.001).Among them,genotype and year had the greatest impact,indicating that PBD is mainly controlled by genetic and environmental factors.A comparison of meteorological condi-tions at various locations revealed a positive correlation trend between the PBD occurrence,air temperature,and annual rainfall.The 98 sugarcane germplasms were categorized into five groups,out of which 16(16.33%)were highly resis-tant,32(32.65%)were resistant,18(18.37%)were moderately susceptible,24(24.49%)were susceptible,and 8(8.16%)were highly susceptible.Highly resistant germplasms such as CP94-1100,Q202,ROC21,ROC23,Yuetang 93-159,Guitang 02-1247,Guitang 02-208,Guitang 02-761,Guitang 03-1403,Yuegan 16,Guitang 05-3846,Guitang 05-827,ROC22,Yuetang 00-236,Yuetang 89-240,and Yuetang 94-128 are recommended as the parents for disease resistance breeding.Conversely,highly susceptibility germplasms such as CP72-2086,PINDAR,ROC26,Guitang 02-619,Gui-tang 05-2743,Guitang 05-322,Liucheng 03-182,and Shuidian 25,should be used with caution.This study distinguished germplasms with stable resistance in differen

关 键 词：甘蔗 梢腐病 抗性评价 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学] S566.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]