木薯-辣椒间作模式对木薯生长、产量、品质及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effect of Cassava-capsicum Intercropping Pattern on Growth,Yield,Quality and Soil Enzyme Activity of Cassava

作　　者：李双江 陈默 谢海弘 陈璐 王君[1] 盛浩 宋勇[1,2,4,5,6] LI Shuangjiang;CHEN Mo;XIE Haihong;CHEN Lu;WANG Jun;SHENG Hao;SONG Yong(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Yuelushan Laboratory,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;College of Resources,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Engineering Research Center of Potato,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding,Ministry of Education,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Key Labortory for Vegetable Biol-ogy of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]岳麓山实验室,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南农业大学资源学院,湖南长沙410128 [4]湖南省马铃薯工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [5]园艺作物种质创新与新品种选育教育部工程研究中心,湖南长沙410128 [6]蔬菜生物学湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第11期2344-2353,共10页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(No.CARS-11-HNSY)。

摘　　要：为研究木薯-辣椒间作模式下对木薯生长、光合性能、土壤酶活性、块根产量及品质的影响,以木薯品种南植199(甜木薯品种,植株直立、株型紧凑、顶端一般不分枝)和辣椒品种湘研55号(中熟小牛角椒品种,长势好、适应性强)为试验材料,设计以木薯单作(CK)为对照,辣椒和木薯间作时辣椒3种不同的种植密度(T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3),株距分别为0.4、0.5、0.6 m)为处理。结果表明:间作处理下的木薯地上部生长指标在木薯的各个生长时期均存在不同程度的抑制,且抑制效果随密度和时间增加而加深,故T_(3)处理的木薯地上部株高、茎粗所受抑制程度最小;间作处理均能提高木薯苗期叶片的相对叶绿素含量,各个间作处理能提高植株整个结薯期的净光合速率、气孔导度及块根膨大期的胞间二氧化碳浓度,但对木薯各个生长时期的蒸腾速率并无显著性影响;间作处理较CK处理均显著提高了土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶等的活性,除土壤过氧化氢酶活性在间作处理中无显著性差异外,其余土壤酶活性均以T_(3)处理显著高于其他间作处理;间作虽降低了地上部生物量和地下部木薯块根数量,但能提高木薯单薯重,间作T_(1)、T_(2)处理与CK产量无显著差异,而T_(3)的亩产显著提高了13.98%;间作能有效提高块根品质,除可溶性糖和纤维素外,T_(3)处理的多种品质含量均显著高于其他处理,间作处理均能不同程度提高木薯块根淀粉含量,分别提高了13.06%、8.25%、19.33%。综上所述,木薯间作提高了木薯光合速率、土壤酶活性等从而提高木薯块根产量、品质,增加木薯经济效益。最后以2行木薯2行辣椒的T_(3)处理(株距0.6 m)栽培密度最优,为适合湖南产区的木薯辣椒间作模式。Cassava variety Nanzhi 199(sweet cassava variety,with erect,compact plant shape and generally unbranched at the top)and chili pepper variety Xiangyan 55(medium maturity small cowpea variety,with good growth and strong adaptability)were used to study the effects of cassava-pepper intercropping pattern on cassava growth,photosynthetic performance,soil enzyme activity,tuber yield and quality.Three different planting densities of chili peppers in chili peppers and cassava intercropping(T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3),with the spacing of 0.4 m,0.5 m and 0.6 m,respectively)were de-signed.The results showed that the aboveground growth indexes of cassava under intercropping treatment had different degrees of inhibition in various growth periods of cassava,and the inhibitory effect deepened with the increase of den-sity and time,so the aboveground plant height and stem thickness of T_(3) treatment were minimally inhibited;intercrop-ping treatments were able to improve the relative chlorophyll content of cassava seedling leaves,and the intercropping treatments were able to increase the net photosynthetic rate of the whole period of potato production,stomatal conduc-tance,and the cytosolic rate of the tuber expansion period,and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration during tuber expansion,but had no significant effect on the transpiration rate of cassava in all growth periods;intercropping treat-ments significantly increased the activities of soil urease,acid phosphatase,catalase and sucrase compared with CK,and the activities of the soil enzymes were significantly higher than those of other intercropping treatments by T_(3) except for the activity of soil catalase which had no significant difference among the intercropping treatments;intercropping re-duced the aboveground biomass and belowground biomass,and the activity of soil enzymes by T_(3);intercropping re-duced the relative chlorophyll content of cassava leaves at seedling stage.Although intercropping reduced the above-ground biomass and the number of cassava tubers in the

关 键 词：木薯 间作 光合性能 土壤酶活性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学] S641.3