云南澳洲坚果凋落物、修枝和果实收获的养分累积特征研究  

Nutrient Accumulation Characteristics from Litter,Pruned Branches and Nuts Harvest of Macadamia in Yunnan Province

作　　者：杨丽萍[1] 耿顺军 贺熙勇[1] 丁华平[1] 陈桂良[1] YANG Liping;GENG Shunjun;HE Xiyong;DING Huaping;CHEN Guiliang(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops/Yunnan Agricultural Engineering Research Center for Macadamia/Yunnan Technology Inno-vation Center of Woody Oil,Jinghong,Yunnan 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所/云南省澳洲坚果农业工程研究中心/云南省木本油料技术创新中心,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第11期2354-2361,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：云南省科技厅农业基础研究项目(No.202301BD070001-074);云南省基础研究专项面上项目(No.202101AT070146);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”项目(No.XDYC-CYCX-2022-0068)。

摘　　要：针对云南澳洲坚果生产中钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、锌(Zn)、硼(B)元素养分缺乏的现状,通过解析树体凋落物、修枝和果实的Ca、Mg、Zn、B元素养分累积特征,为优化澳洲坚果钙、镁、锌、硼养分管理、助力澳洲坚果提质增效生产提供理论依据。2021-2022年连续2 a以澳洲坚果品种A16的丰产树为试材,研究凋落物、修枝和果实收获中干物质量及Ca、Mg、Zn、B元素养分含量和累积分配量,结果表明:澳洲坚果凋落物、修枝、果实收获干物质量平均为35.77 kg/株,其中,凋落物、修枝、果实收获分别占总干物质量的19%、32%、49%。不同组织间Ca、Mg、Zn、B元素养分含量均存在显著差异,整体表现为:Ca>Mg>B>Zn。年平均Ca、Mg、Zn、B元素养分累积总量分别为126.13、23.39、0.25、0.89 g/株;凋落物、修枝、果实收获的Ca元素养分累积分配分别为45%、48%、7%;Mg元素养分累积分配分别为26%、33%、41%;Zn元素养分累积分配分别为25%、28%、47%;B元素养分累积分配分别为44%、36%、20%。其中,叶(落叶和修枝叶)为Ca、B元素养分主要累积分配部位,而修枝叶和果仁为Mg、Zn元素主要累积分配部位。表观养分平衡估算指出,Ca、Mg、Zn、B元素带走的总养分分别为45.41、8.42、0.09、0.32 kg/hm^(2),除去凋落物归还的部分养分,在没有外源Ca、Mg元素养分投入,Zn和B元素养分投入0.08 kg/hm^(2)的情况下,澳洲坚果园Ca、Mg和B元素养分处于亏缺状态。该研究结果可为澳洲坚果养分优化管理提供依据。In view of the deficiency of calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),zinc(Zn)and boron(B)in the production of macadamia in Yunnan province,the accumulation characteristics of Ca,Mg,Zn and B in litter,pruned branch and nuts harvest were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal management of Ca,Mg,Zn and B nutrients and help the quality and efficiency production of macadamia.In 2021 and 2022,high-yielding trees of macadamia nut variety A16 were used as the test materials to study the quality of dry matter,the content of Ca,Mg,Zn and B nutrients and their cumulative distribution during litter,pruned branch and nuts harvest.The average dry matter weight of litter,pruned branch and nuts harvest of macadamia t was 35.77 kg/plant,among which litter,pruned branch and nuts harvest accounted for 19%,32%and 49%of the total dry matter weight,respectively.There were significant differences in the content of Ca,Mg,Zn and B nutrients in different tissues,and the overall performance was Ca>Mg>B>Zn.The average cumulative amounts of Ca,Mg,Zn and B in 2 years was 126.13,23.39,0.25 g/plant and 0.89 g/plant,respectively.The cumulative distribution of Ca and Mg in litter,pruned branch and nuts harvest was 45%,48%and 7%,and 26%,33%and 41%,respectively.The cumulative distribution of Zn was 25%,28%and 47%,and the cumulative distribution of B was 44%,36%and 20%,respectively.Among them,leaves(senescent leaves and pruning leaves)were the main accu-mulation and distribution parts of Ca and B,while pruning leaves and nuts were the main accumulation and distribution parts of Mg and Zn.The estimated apparent nutrient balance indicated that the total nutrient taken by Ca,Mg,Zn and B was 45.41,8.42,0.09 kg/hm^(2) and 0.32 kg/hm^(2).After removing some nutrients returned by litter,in the absence of ex-ogenous Ca and Mg input and the input of Zn and B 0.08 kg/hm^(2),Ca,Mg and B nutrients were deficient in macadamia.The results would provide the basis for nutrient optimization management of macadamia.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 凋落物 修枝 果实收获 养分特征 表观养分平衡 

分 类 号：S664[农业科学—果树学] TS255.3[农业科学—园艺学]