绿农林^(®)41复合微生物菌肥对番茄枯萎病发生和根际土壤 真菌群落的影响  

Effects of Lvnonglin^(®)41 Compound Microbial Fertilizer on the Oc-currence of Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Soil Fungal Community of Tomato Rhizosphere

作　　者：汪军[1] 李晓霞 刘建 李得铭 邓涛 郭立佳[1] 黄俊生[1] 杨扬[1] 杨腊英[1] 周游[1] 符红文 WANG Jun;LI Xiaoxia;LIU Jian;LI Deming;DENG Tao;GUO Lijia;HUANG Junsheng;YANG Yang;YANG Laying;ZHOU You;FU Hongwen(Institute of Environment and Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/National Fertilizer Microbial Germplasm Resource Bank(Hainan),Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Institute of Scientific and Technical Information,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Heze Customs,People’s Republic of China,Heze,Shandong 274000,China;Hainan Baolvchun Agricultural Development Co.,Ltd.,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南),海南海口571101 [2]中国热带农业科学院科技信息研究所,海南海口571101 [3]中华人民共和国菏泽海关,山东菏泽274000 [4]海南宝绿春农业开发有限公司,海南海口571100

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第11期2416-2426,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学(No.321RC618,No.721RC631);江西重点研发计划项目(No.20223BBF61015)。

摘　　要：探究绿农林^(®)复合微生物菌肥、番茄枯萎病发生和土壤真菌群落结构的关系,为合理应用微生物制剂绿色防控番茄枯萎病提供理论依据。以往年番茄枯萎病严重发生地块为试验地,分别设置4个处理,清水对照(CK)、绿农林^(®)41复合微生物菌肥(LNL41)、菌肥营养基质(NS)和复合微生物(CM),测定根际土壤养分含量、植株生长、土壤呼吸速率、枯萎病发病率;采用18S rDNA测序技术,探究施用LNL41条件下番茄枯萎病发生及根际土壤真菌群落结构的差异。结果表明:各处理中以LNL41处理效果最显著。LNL41和CM处理的番茄根际土壤中有机质和速效磷含量显著高于其他处理;与对照比较,LNL41、CM和NS处理的株高、茎围、叶面积、光合作用、叶绿素、产量和水溶性糖增幅分别达8.87%~34.71%、15.93%~67.62%、13.37%~52.88%、3.17%~12.55%、3.20%~20.49%、4.38%~19.53%、0.46%~8.79%;LNL41处理的采收期番茄根系土壤呼吸速率提高59.52%,不同生长期的发病率达2.33%~16.33%,防效达80.50%~90.83%;根际土壤真菌属水平Ace指数和Chao1指数分别提高了26.97%~57.71%、24.89%~56.00%,CM处理的多样性指标Simpson指数和Shannon指数明显提高了25.75%~29.45%、39.04%~49.13%,而NS处理的多样性指标有所下降;LNL41处理的肉座菌科和木霉属分别为排名前5的优势科和属(丰度均为8.56%);4个处理中Trichoderma分别与Cladosporium、Uwebraunia、Aureobasidium和Fusarium丰度相似,与Aspergillus和Alternaria呈正相关。LNL41处理的Chao1指数与有机质、速效磷、速效钾和土壤呼吸速率呈显著正相关关系,与盐度和发病率呈显著负相关关系。LNL41处理的腐生营养型功能类群丰度增加了0.92~11.15个百分点,plant pathogen下降了2.55个百分点,endophyte下降了7.95个百分点,而施用NS和CM的处理只有2个功能类群丰度上升。LNL41能显著改善土壤养分比例,进而改善土壤真菌群落结构和功能特性,激发真菌群落�The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between Lvnonglin^(®)41 compound microbial fertil-izer(LNL41)and the occurrence of tomato Fusarium wilt and soil fungal communities and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tomato Fusarium wilt and the rational application of nitrogen fertilizers.Using plots with severe occurrence of tomato Fusarium wilt in previous years as experimental plots,four treatments were designed in field:water control(CK),LNL41,bacterial fertilizer nutrient substrate(NS),compound microbial(CM).The effects of different treatments on the concentrations of main soil nutrients of rhizosphere soil,plant growth,soil respiration rate,incidence of Fusarium wit disease were analyzed.Using 18S rDNA sequencing technology,the differences in the oc-currence of tomato Fusarium wilt and the fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil under LNL41 were investi-gated.Compared with other treatments,the LNL41 treatment is the best.The treatments with LNL41 and CM had higher contents of organic matter and available phosphorus in tomato rhizosphere soil than other two treatments.Compared with the control,the plant height,stem circumference,leaf area,photosynthesis,chlorophyll,yield and water-soluble sugar treated by LNL41,CM and NS all increased by 8.87%-34.71%,15.93%-67.62%,13.37%-52.88%,3.17%-12.55%,3.20%-20.49%,4.38%-19.53%,0.46%-8.79%respectively.The soil respiration rate increased by 59.52%in LNL41.The incidence and control effect of tomato Fusarium wilt disease in different growth stages reached 2.33%-16.33%and 80.50%-90.83%in LNL41,respectively.The Ace index and Chao1 index at the fungal genus level in the rhizosphere soil increased by 26.97%-57.71%and 24.89%-56.00%,respectively.The diversity indicators of the Simpson index and Shannon index of the CM treatment increased by 25.75%-29.45%and 39.04%-49.13%,while the diversity indicators of the NS treatment decreased.Hypocreaceae and Trichoderma treated with LNL41 were among the top five dominant families and genera(b

关 键 词：绿农林^(®)复合微生物菌肥 番茄枯萎病 土壤真菌群落结构 功能 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]