从“否定”概念看印度逻辑的特征  

The Characteristics of Indian Logic from the Perspective of the Concept of “Negation”

作　　者：任晓明 王刚[2] REN Xiaoming;WANG Gang(Department of Philosophy,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan,China,610065;School of Philosophy,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu,Sichuan,China,610066)

机构地区：[1]四川大学哲学系,四川成都610065 [2]四川师范大学哲学学院,四川成都610066

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期33-45,共13页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“印度正理派逻辑思想研究”(22AZX019);四川省哲学社会科学基金青年项目“文明互鉴视域下的印度耆那教逻辑思想研究”(SCJJ24ND287)。

摘　　要：“否定”概念是印度逻辑中的重要概念,包括新正理派逻辑和耆那教逻辑在内的主要印度逻辑体系都曾对该概念进行过深入的探讨。在新正理派逻辑中,“否定”概念特指“缺无”概念;而对于耆那教逻辑来说,“否定”概念根植于七重谓述学说之中。通过对以上两个学派的“否定”概念进行分析,可以发现印度逻辑具有三大特征:第一,印度逻辑的根本目标指向个人的最终解脱;第二,在印度逻辑中,逻辑学问题始终与认识论问题紧密结合在一起,两者之间并不存在明确的分界线;第三,印度逻辑具有浓厚的印度本土文化特征,其中最显著的特征之一在于,印度逻辑深受梵语语法的影响。“Negation”is an important concept in Indian logic,which has been extensively explored in major Indian logical systems,including Navya-Ny ya logic and Jaina logic.The concept of“negation”in Navya-Ny ya logic refers to the concept of“absence”.Meanwhile,the concept of“negation”in Jaina logic is rooted in the doctrine of sevenfold predication.By analyzing the concept of“negation”in Navya-Ny ya logic and Jaina logic,it can be found that Indian logic has three major characteristics.Firstly,the fundamental goal of Indian logic is the ultimate liberation of individuals.Secondly,in Indian logic,logical problems have always been closely related to epistemological problems,and there is no clear boundary between them.Thirdly,Indian logic has many features of Indian native culture,one of the most prominent features of which is that it is deeply influenced by Sanskrit grammar.

关 键 词：印度逻辑 正理派逻辑 耆那教逻辑 否定 东方逻辑 

分 类 号：B81-0[哲学宗教—逻辑学]