农艺措施对籽粒苋水溶性碳水化合物含量及组成的影响  

Effects of Agronomic Measures on The Content and Composition of Water-Soluble Carbohydrate in Grain Amaranth

作　　者：杜佳瑞 金怡彤 易启轩 于梦 赵天玥 唐鸿宇[1] 袁宝[1] 王鹏[1] DU Jia-rui;JIN Yi-tong;YI Qi-xuan;YU Meng;ZHAO Tian-yue;TANG Hong-yu;YUAN Bao;WANG Peng(College of Animal Sciences,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin Province 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学动物科学学院,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第11期3516-3521,共6页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：吉林省农业关键核心技术示范推广(产业技术体系)项目(JARS-2024-0703);国家现代农业(肉牛牦牛)产业技术体系专项(CARS-37)资助。

摘　　要：为探究饲用籽粒苋(Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)的水溶性碳水化合物(Water Soluable Carbohydrate,WSC)含量及组成的影响因素,筛选出籽粒苋的最佳青贮时间,本研究以‘K472籽粒苋’为材料,选取不同的生育期(现蕾期、初花期、乳熟期和完熟期)、刈割时间(8:00,11:00,14:00和17:00)、萎蔫处理(萎蔫12 h)及施肥条件(氮肥150 kg·hm^(-2),钾肥150 kg·hm^(-2);氮肥200 kg·hm^(-2),钾肥150 kg·hm^(-2);氮肥150 kg·hm^(-2),钾肥200 kg·hm^(-2);氮肥200 kg·hm^(-2),钾肥200 kg·hm^(-2))进行取样,分析WSC、蔗糖(S)、葡萄糖(G)和果糖(F)的含量。结果显示,WSC含量在籽粒苋乳熟期时最高,现蕾期时最低(P<0.05),且在一天中,8:00含量最低,17:00含量最高(P<0.05)。未萎蔫组的WSC及各类糖的含量均高于萎蔫组(P<0.05);WSC,G和F含量均在钾肥和氮肥施用量为150 kg·hm^(-2)时最高(P<0.05)。因此,在籽粒苋生长周期内给予钾肥和氮肥施用量各150 kg·hm^(-2),并在乳熟期17:00刈割,刈割后不进行萎蔫处理,可有效提高饲用籽粒苋中WSC含量。To investigate the factors affecting the content and composition of water-soluble carbohydrates(WSC)in feed grain amaranth(Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.)and to identify the optimal silage time for it,this study used‘K472 grain amaranth’as the material.Different factors were examined,including growth stages(bud stage,initial flowering stage,milk-ripe stage,and complete ripening stage),mowing times(8:00 AM,11:00 AM,2:00 PM,and 5:00 PM),wilting treatments(12-hour wilting),and fertilization conditions(nitrogen fertilizer at 150 kg·hm^(-2)or 200 kg·hm^(-2),potassium fertilizer at 150 kg·hm^(-2)or 200 kg·hm^(-2)).Samples were analyzed for WSC,sucrose(S),glucose(G),and fructose(F)content.Results showed that WSC content was highest at the milk-ripe stage and lowest at the bud stage(P<0.05).Throughout the day,WSC content was lowest at 8:00 AM and highest at 5:00 PM(P<0.05).The WSC and sugar contents in the non-wilting group were higher than those in the wilting group(P<0.05).The highest contents of WSC,G,and F were observed with 150 kg·hm^(-2)of both potassium and nitrogen fertilizers(P<0.05).Therefore,applying 150 kg·hm^(-2)of both potassium and nitrogen fertilizers during the growth cycle and harvesting at 5:00 PM during the milk-ripe stage without wilting treatment can effectively increase the WSC content in forage grain amaranth.

关 键 词：籽粒苋 水溶性碳水化合物 糖组成 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]