藏北羌塘牧民家庭牲畜存出栏权衡及影响因素分析  

Livestock Inventory-slaughters Trade-offs and Potential Drivers at Herder Households Across Changtang,North Tibet

作　　者：刘增辉 周荣柱[2] 孙维[3] 李少伟[3] 张新永 陈林耀 武建双 LIU Zeng-hui;ZHOU Rong-zhu;SUN Wei;LI Shao-wei;ZHANG Xin-yong;CHEN Lin-yao;WU Jian-shuang(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;National Animal Husbandry Service,Beijing 100125,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academic of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]全国畜牧总站,北京100125 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第11期3591-3601,共11页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原科学考察研究,任务十专题二《农牧耦合绿色发展的资源基础考察研究》(2019QZKK1002)资助。

摘　　要：本研究以藏北牧民家庭为研究对象,通过半结构式访谈调查高寒草甸、高寒草原和荒漠草原区牧户牲畜存出栏规模结构及其影响因素。结果表明:荒漠草原户均牲畜存/出栏规模(254.8/48.6 SSU)显著高于高寒草甸(191.55/33.22 SSU)和高寒草原(189.89/33.49 SSU);对牧户牲畜存栏规模影响最大的因素依次为单位面积产草量(高寒草甸)、家庭规模(高寒草原)和草畜平衡草场面积(荒漠草原),可以解释其变异的10.78%,19.40%和15.99%;对牧户牲畜出栏规模影响最大的因素依次为草畜平衡草场面积(高寒草甸)、家庭规模(高寒草原)和劳动力数量(荒漠草原),可以解释其变异的15.01%,11.20%和23.55%。综上所述,藏北高原牧民户均牲畜存/出栏规模和结构在不同草地类型之间存在明显差异,且受到自然和人文因素的双重影响。在未来制定草原生态保护政策时需要重点考虑资源禀赋和利用方式的差异。Semi-structured questionnaires were employed to investigate the volumes and composition of livestock inventory and slaughter as well as their potential drivers at herder households from alpine meadow,alpine steppe,and desert steppe zones across the northern Tibetan Plateau.The results showed that(1)The volumes of livestock inventory and slaughter(254.8 and 48.6 SSU,Standardized Sheep Unit)at the household level in desert steppes were significantly larger than those in alpine meadows(191.55/33.22 SSU)and alpine steppes(189.89/33.49 SSU).(2)The most important influencing factor for the volumes of livestock inventory varies among alpine grassland types,from forage productivity in alpine meadows,to population per household in alpine steppes,and fenced grassland area in alpine deserts,which correspondingly explained 10.78%,19.40%,and 15.99%of its variance among households within each alpine grassland type.(3)The most important influencing factor for the volumes of livestock slaughter also differs among alpine grassland types,from grazing grassland area per household in alpine meadows,to population per household in alpine steppes,and labors per household in alpine deserts,which correspondingly explained 15.01%,11.20%,and 23.55%of its variance among households within each alpine grassland type.Therefore,the volumes and composition of livestock inventory and slaughter are different at the household level among alpine grassland types,and influenced by different natural and anthropogenic factors across the northern Tibetan Plateau.The spatial differences in endowment and utilization of grassland resources should be emphatically taken into account for the policy-making in the future.

关 键 词：藏北羌塘 牲畜存出栏 草原生态保护补助奖励政策 生计多样性 草地类型 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济]