不同杀菌剂对饲用燕麦炭疽病和叶斑病复合病害的田间防效评价  

Evaluation of Field Control Efficacies against Anthracnose and Leaf Spot on Oat

作　　者：张婷 张金凤 赵弋锐 孙小涵 杨子森 王研 韩伟 赵祥[2] 高鹏 ZHANG Ting;ZHANG Jin-feng;ZHAO Yi-rui;SUN Xiao-han;YANG Zi-seng;WANG Yan;HAN Wei;ZHAO Xiang;GAO Peng(Center of Animal Husbandry Technology extension Service on Shanxi Province,Taiyuan,Shanxi Province 030001,China;College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Taigu,Shanxi Province 030801,China;Junbaocheng of Shuozhou City Agricultural Science and Technology Limited-liability Company,Shanyin,Shanxi Province 036900,China;Datong Qianye Pasture Science and Technology Limited Company,Tianzhen,Shanxi Province 038200,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省畜牧技术推广服务中心,山西太原030031 [2]山西农业大学草业学院/农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,山西太谷030801 [3]朔州市骏宝宸农业科技股份有限公司,山西山阴036900 [4]大同千叶牧草科技有限公司,山西天镇038200

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第11期3619-3627,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ37)资助。

摘　　要：炭疽病(Colletotrichum cereale)和叶斑病(Drechslera avenace)是饲用燕麦(Avena sativa)上的主要病害,常复合发生,严重影响草产品的经济收益。为筛选能同时防治两种病害的杀菌剂,选择不同靶标位点的3种新型杀菌剂,设置单独喷施和复配喷施处理,评价对炭疽病和叶斑病的田间防效和对干草产量、品质的影响。结果表明,单独喷施0.95 L·ha^(-1)用药量的25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂和20%氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂,分别对炭疽病和叶斑病的相对防效达90.4%和83.8%,复配喷施对两种病害的相对防效均达到90%以上,而中生菌素对这两种病害的防效不佳。25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂和20%氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂复配喷施后,干草产量和主要营养品质指标均较对照有显著提升,其中干草产量增幅达41.2%,可溶性碳水化合物、粗蛋白和相对饲喂价值的增幅分别为31.1%,16.9%和26.7%。同时,感官颜色由焦黄色转变为青绿色,满足了商品干草的基本要求。推荐25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂和20%氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂分别作为炭疽病和叶斑病的防治药剂,如病害复合发生,可按推荐剂量复配喷施防治。Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum cereale and leaf spot disease caused by Drechslera avenace are the main diseases on feed oats.Anthracnose and leaf spot often occur in combination,seriously affecting the economic benefits of oat products.In order to screen the fungicides that can control both diseases at the same time,three new fungicides with different target sites were selected,and the spraying treatment was set up to evaluate the field control efficiency of anthrax and leaf spot disease and the influence on the yield and quality of hay.The results showed that the recommended doses of 25%pyrazoxystrobin suspension and 20%fluconazole hydroxylamine suspension were sprayed separately,with relative control effects on anthracnose and leaf spot disease reaching 90.4%and 83.8%,respectively.The relative control effect of compound spraying on the two diseases reached over 90%.After the combination and spraying of two pesticides,the hay yield and main nutritional quality indicators were significantly improved compared to the control group with water,with a 41.2%increase in hay yield and 31.1%,16.9%,and 26.7%increase in soluble carbohydrates,crude protein,and relative feeding value,respectively.In addition,after compound spraying,the sensory color changed from burnt yellow to turquoise,meeting the basic requirements of commercial hay.Therefore,using 25%pyrazoxystrobin suspension and 20%fluconazole hydroxylamine suspension as control agents for anthracnose and leaf spot disease were recommended.If the disease occurred in combination,the recommended dosage could be sprayed for prevention and control.

关 键 词：燕麦 炭疽病 内脐蠕孢 叶斑病 复合病害 化学防治 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]