“三华油茶”的选育与推广应用  

Breeding and Popularization of Sanhua Camellia oleifera Cultivars

作　　者：谭晓风[1] 袁军[1] 李泽[1] 李建安 Tan Xiaofeng;Yuan Jun;Li Ze;Li Jian’an(Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Protection,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Non-Wood Forest,National Forestry and Grassland Administration Camellia Oil Tree Research Academy,Central South University of Forestry and Technology ,Changshang 410004)

机构地区：[1]经济林培育与保护教育部重点实验室、经济林育种与栽培国家林业和草原局重点实验室、中南林业科技大学油茶研究院、中南林业科技大学,长沙410004

出　　处：《林业科学》2024年第11期199-202,共4页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金重大项目(2021JC007-5)。

摘　　要：【目的】选育出高产、稳产、抗逆性强、适宜机械化栽培的大果油茶品种,为油茶产业高质量发展提供新一代良种。【方法】20世纪80年代初中期,从油茶中心产区湖南省茶陵县选择14个油茶优良单株,与来自全国初步筛选出的70个参试油茶优良无性系共建立84个无性系品比试验林,试验设计为每小区10株、3次重复。2006年后对各无性系进行连续3年的测产、经济性状分析和评价。【结果】2008年从84个优良无性系中筛选出原产地均为茶陵县的3个大果油茶品种‘华鑫’‘华金’和‘华硕’,与其他无性系相比果实大、产量高、产量稳、适应性强、易识别、生产成本低、适合机械化作业和采收、品种配置简单高效。【结论】‘华鑫’‘华金’和‘华硕’3个无性系2009年通过国家级林木品种审定。2021年再次通过国家级林木品种扩大范围审定,同年被国家林业和草原局列为全国16个油茶主推品种。现已在湖南、江西、广西、广东、湖北、河南、四川等省(区、市)广泛推广应用,有力促进了我国油茶良种的更新换代和油茶产业的高质量发展。【Objective】The objective of this study is to breed Camellia oleifera cultivars with high yield,stable yield,strong stress resistance and suitable for mechanized cultivation,so as to provide a new generation of improved cultivars for the highquality development of C.oleifera industry.【Method】In the early and middle 1980s,14 elite clones of C.oleifera were selected from Chaling County,Hunan Province,the central producing area of C.oleifera,and a total of 84 clonal comparison test forests were established combined with 70 selected elite clones of C.oleifera from all over the country.The experimental design was 10plants per plot and three replicates.After 2006,the production was continuously measured and the economic traits were evaluated on each clone for 3 years.【Result】In 2008,three large-fruited C.oleifera varieties,namely‘Huaxin',‘Huajin'and‘Huashuo',were selected from 84 elite clones,all of which originated from Chaling.Compared with other clones,these varieties had larger fruits,higher yields,stable yields,stronger adaptability,lower production cost,and were easy to identify,and suitable for mechanized harvesting,with simple and efficient variety allocation.【Conclusion】In 2009,the three C.oleifera varieties of‘Huaxin',‘Huajin'and‘Huashuo'passed the approval of national forest cultivars committee,and in 2021,they passed the approval of planting expansion scope,and were listed as among 16 main recommended cultivars of C.oleifera by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.Now they have been widely applied in Hunan,Jiangxi,Guangxi,Guangdong,Hubei,Henan,Sichuan provinces,municipalities or autonomous regions,which has effectively promoted the upgrading of C.oleifera cultivars and the high-quality development of the industry in China.

关 键 词：油茶 华鑫 华金 华硕 良种选育 推广应用 

分 类 号：S722.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]