岩石爆破基础理论研究进展与展望Ⅲ——波纹关系  

Advancements and future prospects in the fundamental theories of rock blasting research Ⅲ--Interaction mechanism between blast waves and cracks

作　　者：许鹏 杨仁树 陈程 丁晨曦 王雁冰[4] XU Peng;YANG Renshu;CHEN Cheng;DING Chenxi;WANG Yanbing(School of Mathematics and Physics,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Civil Engineering,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China;School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学数理学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [3]北方工业大学土木工程学院,北京100144 [4]中国矿业大学(北京)力学与土工工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2025年第1期1-12,共12页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52227805,51934001,52004290)。

摘　　要：岩石爆破“三大关系(本构、动静、波纹)”是爆破理论研究的重要内容,爆炸应力波与裂纹的相互作用是影响岩石破碎效果的关键因素.本文围绕“炸药爆炸能量释放与爆炸裂纹扩展的精细控制原理”这一关键科学问题,聚焦爆炸应力波与静止裂纹(岩体中既有缺陷)的相互作用、爆炸应力波与爆炸裂纹的相互作用、爆炸应力波作用下裂纹间的相互作用、地应力与爆炸应力波耦合作用下的裂纹扩展等四个方面,深入探讨了不同爆炸应力波的传播方向和强度对裂纹扩展行为(包括裂纹扩展方向、速度和长度)的影响规律.现有研究发现爆炸应力波在静止裂纹处发生反射和衍射,产生“双马赫锥”现象,致使爆炸能量较多地积聚在静止裂纹周围,诱导静止裂纹周围产生损伤和破坏;爆炸膨胀波对迎面爆炸裂纹的扩展有抑制作用,剪切波对其扩展有促进作用,而在爆炸应力波与同向爆炸裂纹的相互作用过程中,爆炸膨胀波和剪切波对裂纹扩展速度的影响则相反;爆炸荷载下相向扩展的两条裂纹互为自由面,产生“咬合效应”,形成相互勾连的形状;地应力场能够促进平行最大主应力方向的爆炸裂纹扩展,抑制垂直最大主应力方向的爆炸裂纹扩展,且地应力场的主应力差值越大,爆炸裂纹沿最大主应力方向的扩展长度越长.研究成果可为优化爆破炮孔间距、延期时间等参数,实现精细调控爆炸裂纹扩展提供理论依据.The“three relationships(the relationship between rock failure characteristics and blast loading,the superposition effect between blast waves and explosion gas,and the interaction between blast waves and cracks)”are important contents of the rock blasting theory.Of these,the interaction between blast waves and cracks is the key factor affecting rock fragmentation.Aiming at the key scientific issue of“fine control principle of explosive energy release and blast induced crack propagation”,this paper focuses on the crack–wave interaction problem,which can be divided into four aspects,including the interaction between blast waves and stationary cracks(the existed defects in rock mass),the interaction between blast waves and blast-induced cracks,the interaction among cracks under the action of blast waves,and the propagation behavior of cracks under the superposition of geostress and blast waves.Focusing on these four aspects,we systematically analyzed the influence of blast waves propagation direction and its intensity on crack propagation behaviors,including the crack propagation direction,crack velocity and crack length.In order to observe the interaction process between blast waves and cracks,we develop a series of new optical experimental systems with blast loading,including the dynamic caustics experimental system and photoelasticity system.First,for blast waves encountering a stationary crack,we conduct a caustics experiment,following which both the variation in caustic patterns and the stress field around the crack tip are obtained during the crack–wave interaction;it is observed that the wing crack is more easily generated at the horizontal pre-crack than at the vertical precrack.Moreover,using the photoelastic technique,we clearly observe both the reflection and diffraction processes of blast waves when they encounter the stationary crack;in addition,a“double Mach cone”phenomenon occurs around the stationary crack,following which a high amount of explosive energy accumulates around the crack,r

关 键 词：岩石爆破 爆炸应力波 静止裂纹 爆炸裂纹 裂纹相互作用 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设] O383[理学—流体力学] TU45[理学—力学]