基于FDS模拟的外界风对瘦高型中庭建筑机械排烟的影响研究  

Research on the Influence of External Wind on Mechanical Smoke Exhaust in Tall and Thin Atrium Buildings Based on FDS Simulation

作　　者：周靖轩 夏卓睿 张涛 宋文华[4] Zhou Jingxuan;Xia Zhuorui;Zhang Tao;Song Wenhua(Tianjin Fire Rescue Brigade,Tianjin 300090,China;Tianjin Huateng Technology Safety Science and Technology Consulting Co.,Ltd,Tianjin 300384,China;Tianjin Free Trade Zone Fire Detachment,Tianjin 300308,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市消防救援总队,天津300090 [2]天津市华腾理工安全科技咨询有限公司,天津300384 [3]天津市保税区消防救援支队,天津300308 [4]天津工业大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300387

出　　处：《南开大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期50-56,67,共8页Journal of Nankai University(Natural Sience)

摘　　要：机械排烟是控制瘦高型中庭建筑中庭火灾烟气的主要方法,利用FDS模拟方法,对影响中庭机械排烟的因素进行分析,研究结果表明:机械排烟时,外界风使新鲜空气从补风口进入,外界风速越大,补入空气产生的惯性力越大,使中庭内的换气速率增大,可以及时的把烟气排到室外.机械排烟速度的大小直接影响排烟效果,机械排烟速度过小时,受外界风的影响,不仅不利于排烟,而且还会使整个中庭充满烟气;机械排烟速度合适时,外界风加速了中庭内部的烟气置换,对烟气起到良好的稀释作用,并且增大了能见度.机械排烟速度大时,从250 s开始时,中庭顶部的温度稳定在30℃左右,中庭内的最高温度不超过100℃;机械排烟速度小时,从400 s开始时,中庭顶部的温度稳定在50℃左右,中庭内的最高温度达到240℃;机械排烟速度小时,中庭内的温度整体上都高于机械排烟速度大时中庭内的温度.Mechanical smoke exhaust is the main method for controlling smoke in atrium fires of tall and thin atrium buildings.Using FDS simulation method,the factors affecting mechanical smoke exhaust in atrium are analyzed.The research results show that during mechanical smoke exhaust,external wind causes fresh air to enter from the air inlet.The higher the external wind speed,the greater the inertial force generated by the air inlet,which increases the ventilation rate inside the atrium and can timely exhaust smoke to the outside.The speed of mechanical smoke exhaust directly affects the smoke exhaust effect.If the speed of mechanical smoke exhaust is too small,it is affected by external wind,which not only hinders smoke exhaust,but also fills the entire atrium with smoke.When the mechanical smoke exhaust speed is appropriate,the external wind accelerates the displacement of smoke inside the atrium,which has a good dilution effect on the smoke and increases visibility.When the mechanical smoke exhaust speed is high,starting from 250 s,the temperature at the top of the atrium stabilizes at around 30℃,and the highest temperature inside the atrium does not exceed100℃.When the mechanical smoke exhaust speed is low,starting from 400 s,the temperature at the top of the atrium stabilizes at around 50℃,and the highest temperature inside the atrium reaches 240℃.When the mechanical smoke exhaust speed is low,the overall temperature in the atrium is higher than that of the atrium when the mechanical smoke exhaust speed is high.

关 键 词：FDS模拟 瘦高型中庭 外界风 机械排烟 中庭烟气影响 

分 类 号：X924.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]