汉语多义词主导义项的历时演变与地域分布——以心理词“喜欢”为例  

The Diachronic Evolution and Regional Distribution of the Dominant Sense of Chinese Polysemous Words:Taking the Psychological Word“Xi Huan”as an Example

作　　者：穆涌 MU Yong(College of International Education and Exchange,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学国际教育交流学院,天津300387

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期99-107,共9页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目“人工智能技术与国际中文教育深度融合研究”(TJYY21-009)。

摘　　要：词形不变,但内部主导义项发生了变化,是汉语词汇史研究值得重视的一个问题。“喜欢”是汉语母语者常用的一个表达心理情感的词,也是以汉语作为第二语言的学习者最先接触的词语之一。基于对36部文献的语料统计分析发现,明代“喜欢”的主导义项为“高兴”(X1),而到了清中叶,“喜爱”(X2)义项在江淮官话和吴语中迅速发展并取代X1成为主导。现代汉语中,X2已广泛占据主导地位,X1逐渐消失或边缘化。在这一发展历程中,句式变化和论元扩展、双音化和韵律、情感程度细分需求、自我意识增强等因素都对“喜欢”主导义项的演变起到推动作用。这一研究或可丰富汉语词汇演变理论,并为语义与语符及语言与社会文化、心理认知的互动提供实证支持。The fact that a word form persists but its internal dominant meaning has undergone changes is a problem worthy of attention in the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary.“Xi Huan”(like/love)is a word frequently used by native speakers of Chinese to express psychological emotions and is also one of the first words encountered by learners of Chinese as a second language.Through statistical analysis of 36 literary corpora,this study found that during the Ming Dynasty,the dominant meaning of“Xi Huan”was“happy”(X1),but by the mid-Qing Dynasty,the meaning of“fondness”(X2)rapidly developed in the Jianghuai mandarin and Wu dialects,replacing X1as the dominant sense.In contemporary Chinese,X2has widely become the dominant meaning,while X1has gradually disappeared or been marginalized.Throughout this developmental process,changes in sentence patterns and argument extension,binomialization and prosody,the demand for the subdivision of emotional degrees,and the enhancement of self-awareness have all played a role in promoting the evolution of the dominant meaning of“Xi Huan”.This study not only enriches the theory of lexical evolution in Chinese but also provides empirical support for the interaction between semantics and lexicon,language and socio-cultural,and psychological cognition.

关 键 词：喜欢 主导义项 历时演变 地域分布 动因 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]