宏观语言变化对近现代新词演变的影响——以“肥皂、香烟、火柴、水泥”义非术语新词为例  

On the Influence of Macroscopic Language Changes on the Evolution of Modern New Words:Taking Non-term New Words Meaning“Feizao,Xiangyan,Huochai,Shuini”as Examples

作　　者：刘曼 LIU Man(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Xi'an International Studies University,Xi'an 710028,China)

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学中文学院,陕西西安710028

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第6期108-115,共8页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“语言接触视域下近现代新词演变研究”(22XYY034)。

摘　　要：晚清民国时期两大宏观语言变化对近现代“肥皂、香烟、火柴、水泥”义词等非术语新词的竞争演变产生了重要影响。在南北官话交锋的背景下,“肥皂”义、“香烟”义共同语口语用词从清末民初南北对立到民国末期统一。在共同语口语和书面语中,最终都是南京官话用词胜出。在文白兴替、汉语正式语体剧变的影响下,四组词在不同语体中演变内容或异或同,但都是正式体快于口语体,前者的演变结果影响后者。在共同语口语中,较为正式的“肥皂”“香烟”“火柴”“水泥”胜出,其深层动因是清末以后北京官话基础上国语统一、共同语口语词汇形成过程中语言净化的需要。This paper discusses the impact of the two major macro language changes in the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China on the evolution of modern non-term new words meaning“feizao,xiangyan,huochai,shuini”.In the context of the confrontation of Peking mandarin and Nanking mandarin,the words meaning“soap”and the words meaning“cigarettes”of common language were different in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,then these words unified respectively in the final years of the Republic of China.Nanking mandarin words defeated other words eventually in the common language.Due to the impact of vernacular Chinese replacing classical Chinese and the dramatic change in the formal style of Chinese language,the evolution of the four groups of words were distinct or the same in different styles.Their evolution was faster in formal style than in informal style,and the result of evolution in the former impacted the one in the latter.The reason why the spoken common language choosing more formal“feizao”“xiangyan”“huochai”“shuini”is the need of language purification during the unity of Chinese official language and the formation of vocabulary of spoken Chinese common language on the base of Peking mandarin after the late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：近现代新词 语言变化 南北官话 文白兴替 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]