民法理论的古典体系及其界限  

The Classical System of Civil Law Theory and Its Limits

作　　者： 胡相宜(译) 章程(译) 张挺(校) Harashima Shigeyoshi;Hu Xiangyi;Zhang Cheng;Zhang Ting

机构地区：[1]日本九州大学法学部 [2]浙江大学光华法学院 [3]杭州师范大学沈钧儒法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2024年第6期173-196,共24页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：在自由这一价值的指引下,主观权利、法律关系和法律主体三者,共同支撑起了民法理论的古典体系,奠定了近代民法秩序的基础。然而,以德国为例,《德国民法典》中固有的、与古典体系不符的诸多规定,以及随着社会发展而出现的、溢出古典体系的新命题,在教义学建构的过程中不断动摇着古典体系的核心地位。对此,本文尝试结合主观权利论和法律行为论的相关探讨,指出草率地舍弃古典体系并非正确的解决之道,学者们应在正确认识并厘清古典体系界限的前提下,尝试通过法律解释、法律补充等方法对其进行改良,以期在顺应时代脚步的同时,尽可能维持民法理论作为市民法的稳定性。Guided by the value of freedom,the concepts of subjective rights,legal relationship,and legal subject collectively support the classical system of civil law theory,laying the foundation for modern civil law order.However,taking Germany as an example,the inherent provisions of the German Civil Code(BGB)that are inconsistent with the classical system,along with new issues emerging from social development that exceed the classical system,continuously undermine the core position of this classical system during the process of doctrinal construction.In response,this article seeks to combine discussions on the theory of subjective rights and legal acts to argue that hastily abandoning the classical system is not an appropriate solution.Scholars should,upon recognizing and clarifying the limits of the classical system,strive to improve it through methods such as legal interpretation and legal supplement,aiming to adapt to contemporary demands while preserving the stability of civil law theory as a foundation for citizen law.

关 键 词：民法理论的古典体系 法律解释 法律补充 主观权利论 法律行为论 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]