绿豆-谷子轮作模式的产量与经济效益研究  

Study on the Yield and Economic Benefits of Millet and Mung Bean Rotation Mode

作　　者：鲁一薇 李顺国[1] 赵宇[1] 崔纪菡 刘建军 夏雪岩[1] LU Yi-wei;LI Shun-guo;ZHAO Yu(Institute of Millet Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Utilization for Featured Coarse Cereals(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Minor Cereal Crops of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050035)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院谷子研究所国家谷子改良中心/农业农村部特色杂粮遗传改良与利用重点实验室(部省共建)/河北省杂粮研究实验室,河北石家庄050035 [2]河北省杂粮产业技术研究院,河北邯郸056000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第22期29-33,59,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家谷子高粱产业技术体系传统旱作技术挖掘与创新岗位项目(CARS-06-14.5-A23);河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费包干制项目(HBNKY-BGZ-02);河北省现代农业产业技术体系杂粮杂豆产业创新团队建设项目(HBCT2023050101)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究土地休耕情况下,绿豆-谷子轮作模式对产量、经济效益与土壤理化性质的影响。[方法]以不同品种的夏谷和绿豆为材料,进行一年两作种植试验,记录生育期、绿豆和谷子成熟期农艺性状、产量相关性状、土壤理化性状,并进行相关分析。[结果]绿豆早播(T1、T2、T3播期处理)的生育期均短于对照,分别缩短6、10、12 d,谷子晚播(Y1、Y2、Y3播期处理)的生育期短于或与对照持平。绿豆-谷子一年两作种植模式中,T2Y2播期处理(冀绿19+冀谷45)的轮作模式较好,该模式下,绿豆产量为2286.0 kg/hm^(2)、谷子产量为2431.5 kg/hm^(2),年收益达30441.0元/hm^(2),高于对照谷子(常规时间播种)6924.0元/hm^(2)。成熟后土壤NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)^(-)含量较种前均降低,且NO_(3)^(-)含量有显著差异。绿豆的产量和经济效益与生育时长、单豆荚重、单豆粒重、株高、干重呈显著相关。绿豆单豆荚重、单豆粒重与其产量呈显著正相关,与生育时长、株高、干重呈显著负相关。谷子的产量与生育时长、单穗重、单穗粒重、出谷率呈显著正相关。[结论]绿豆约5月初播种适宜,谷子约7月上旬播种适宜,不宜超过8月份,该条件下既增加经济收益,又利于土地的用养结合,促进土地可持续利用。[Objective]To study the effects of mung bean and millet rotation on yield,economic benefits and soil physicochemical properties under fallow land conditions.[Method]Using different varieties of summer millet and mung beans as materials,a two crop planting experiment was conducted once a year.The growth period,agronomic traits,yield related traits and soil physicochemical traits of mung beans and millet at maturity were recorded and analyzed.[Result]The growth duration of early sowing of mung beans(T1,T2,T3 treatments)was lower than that of the control,shortened by 6,10 and 12 days,respectively.The growth duration of late sowing of millet(Y1,Y2,Y3 treatments)was shorter or equal to that of the control.In the annual two crop planting mode of mung beans and foxtail millet,the rotation mode T2Y2 treatment(Jilv 19+Jigu 45)was better.Under this mode,the yield of mung beans was 2286.0 kg/hm^(2),and the yield of foxtail millet was 2431.5 kg/hm^(2),with an annual income of about 30441.0 yuan/hm^(2),which was higher than the control millet(conventional time sowing)of 6924.0 yuan/hm^(2).After maturity,the content of NH4+and NO3-in the soil decreased compared to before planting,and the content of NO_(3)-reached a significant difference.The yield and economic benefits of mung beans were significantly correlated with growth duration,single pod weight,single grain weight,plant height and dry weight.The single pod weight and single grain weight of mung beans were significantly posi⁃tively correlated with their yield,and were significantly negatively correlated with growth duration,plant height and dry weight.The yield of foxtail millet was significantly positively correlated with growth duration,single spike weight,single spike grain weight and grain yield.[Con⁃clusion]Mung beans were suitable for sowing in early May,while millet was suitable for sowing in early July,and should not exceed August,which increased income,facilitated the integration of land use and nutrients,and promoted sustainable land use.

关 键 词：谷子 绿豆 轮作模式 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]