柳州2022年6月极端“龙舟水”持续暴雨过程分析  

Analysis of the Extreme“Dragon Boat Water”Continuous Rainstorm Process in Liuzhou in June 2022

作　　者：张凌云 赵龙捷 张辛 ZHANG Ling-yun;ZHAO Long-jie;ZHANG Xin(Liuzhou Meteorological Bureau,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545001;Liujiang District Meteorological Bureau,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545100)

机构地区：[1]柳州市气象局,广西柳州545001 [2]柳州市柳江区气象局,广西柳州545100

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第22期201-207,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西气象科研计划项目(桂气科2023M18)。

摘　　要：利用FNL再分析资料、高空和地面观测资料、区域气象站雨量资料,对柳州市2022年6月16—22日的极端“龙舟水”持续暴雨过程进行分析,用统计分析等方法研究持续暴雨过程的特点,用天气学诊断分析等方法研究持续暴雨的成因机制。结果表明:此次持续暴雨过程极端性强,其中3、6、12 h最大降水量均突破柳州市有气象记录以来的历史极值,1和24 h最大降水量居历史第2位,且夜雨明显,具有暖区暴雨的特征。500 hPa短波槽是此次持续暴雨高层重要的动力强迫系统,短波槽周期为24 h左右,基本规律是夜间影响、白天移出,造成柳州降水夜强昼弱的特征。850 hPa强盛的西南气流为暴雨发生提供了源源不断的水汽输送,长时间维持的深厚湿层为持续暴雨、极端暴雨提供了较好的湿度条件,同时850 hPa西南急流在白天减弱、夜间增强这种时间上的脉动,又为气流的辐合上升创造了较好的低层动力条件,是暖区暴雨的一种重要触发机制。该研究揭示的500 hPa短波槽24 h周期变化、850 hPa西南急流夜强昼弱的时间脉动,是造成柳州暴雨持续和夜雨特征的重要触发和维持机制,为今后预报持续暴雨提供了较好的理论支撑。Using FNL reanalysis data,high-altitude and ground observation data and rainfall data of regional meteorological stations,the extreme“Dragon Boat Water”sustained rainstorm process in Liuzhou on June 16-22,2022 was analyzed,statistical analysis and other methods were used to study the characteristics of the continuous rainstorm process,and synoptic diagnostic analysis and other methods were used to study the mechanism of the continuous rainstorm.The results showed that the continuous rainstorm process was extremely extreme,of which the maximum precipitation in 3,6 and 12 h had exceeded the historical extreme value since the meteorological records in Liuzhou City,and the maximum precipitation in 1 and 24 h was the second in history,and the night rain was obvious,with the characteristics of rainstorm in warm regions.The 500 hPa short wave trough was an important dynamic forcing system in the upper layer of the continuous rainstorm.The short wave trough period was about 24 hours.The basic rule was that the influence at night and the movement out in the day lead to the characteristics of strong precipitation at night and weak precipitation at day in Liuzhou.The strong 850 hPa southwest airflow provided continuous water vapor transportation for rainstorm,and the long maintained deep wet layer provided better humidity conditions for continuous rainstorm and extreme rainstorm.At the same time,the 850 hPa southwest jet weakened in the daytime and strengthened at night,which created better low-level dynamic conditions for the convergence and rise of airflow,and was an important trigger mechanism for rainstorm in warm regions.The 24-hour periodic variation of 500 hPa short wave trough and the time fluctuation of 850 hPa southwest jet during the night and the day revealed by this study were important trigger and maintenance mechanisms for the persistence of rainstorm in Liuzhou and the characteristics of night rain,providing a better theoretical support for the prediction of sustained rainstorm in the future.

关 键 词：持续性 暖区暴雨 极端降水 短波槽 急流脉动 

分 类 号：P458.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]