老年人年度体检与死亡风险的关联研究  

The relationship between annual health examination and death risk among older adults

作　　者：王敬月 孙博然 侯慧婕 肖文博 刘洋 阮占良 王媛 芦文丽 WANG Jingyue;SUN Boran;HOU Huijie;XIAO Wenbo;LIU Yang;RUAN Zhanliang;WANG Yuan;LU Wenli(Department of Epidemiology and Statistics,School of Public Health,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 30070,China;Health Management Centre,Tianjin Medical University General Hospital,Tianjin 300070,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,天津300070 [2]天津医科大学总医院健康管理中心,天津300070

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2024年第10期1143-1148,1155,共7页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72074166)。

摘　　要：目的描述我国老年人年度体检参与情况,探讨年度体检与死亡风险的关联。方法基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey,CLHLS)数据库2014―2018年数据,选取年龄≥65岁、接受年度体检调查且无死亡时间异常问题的老年人作为研究对象。根据年龄将老年人分为4组,65~<75、75~<85、85~<95、≥95岁年龄组例数分别为941、1745、1594、1188例。采用χ^(2)检验分析参加年度体检的老年人特征,采用Cox比例风险回归模型探究老年人年度体检与死亡风险的关联。结果本研究共纳入5468名研究对象,其中3188名(58.3%)老年人每年参加常规体检。低龄男性老年人年度体检率较高,已婚、居住在乡村或养老机构、经济状况较好、目前锻炼、有慢性病的老年人年度体检率较高(均P<0.05)。调整人口学、慢性病及健康行为因素后,参加年度体检的老年人死亡风险较低(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.72~0.86),尤其是75~<85、85~<95岁年龄组的老年人,HR值分别为0.68(95%CI:0.55~0.85)、0.70(95%CI:0.60~0.82)。结论我国老年人年度体检率较高,老年人参加年度体检可能与死亡风险的降低相关。未来仍需鼓励老年人积极参加年度体检。Objective To describe the participation in the annual health examination and explore whether annual health examination was associated with the risk of death among Chinese older adults.Methods The study was conducted using data from 2014 to 2018 of the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey(CLHLS).The individuals who were aged 65 and older,completed the investigation of annual health examination,and without abnormal death time were included.The elderly were divided into four age groups and there were 941,1745,1594,and 1188 participants in the 65-<75,75-<85,85-<95,and≥95 years old group,respectively.Chi-square test was used to analyze the characteristics of the elderly who attended the annual health examination.Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore the association between annual health examination and death.Results A total of 5468 individuals were included,and 3188(58.30%)older adults participated in annual health examination.The rate of annual physical examination was higher among the elderly who were male,younger,married,wealthy,lived in rural or nursing home,kept exercising,and had chronic diseases(P<0.05).The death risk was lower in the elderly who participated in annual health examination,after adjusted for demographic,chronic disease,and health behaviors(HR=0.79,95%CI:0.72-0.86),especially for the older adults aged 75-<85(HR=0.68,95%CI:0.55-0.85)and 85-<95(HR=0.70,95%CI:0.60-0.82)years old.Conclusions The rate of annual health examination of the elderly is high,and the annual health examination is significantly related to lower risk of death among the elderly in China.The active participation in annual health examination among older people still needs to be encouraged in the future.

关 键 词：体检 死亡风险 老年人 生存分析 

分 类 号：R195.3[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R181[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]