再说汉学、虏学与中国学  

On Sinology,“Barbarian Studies”,and China Studies

作　　者：沈卫荣 Shen Weirong

机构地区：[1]清华大学中文系

出　　处：《国际汉学》2024年第6期7-21,150,共16页International Sinology

摘　　要：傅斯年曾经提出中国人研究的中国学是“汉学”,而西方研究中国的学者做的中国学是“虏学”,而“汉学”与“虏学”是中国学的两个不可分割和不可或缺的组成部分。同时,傅斯年提出西方的Sinology其实与我们理解的“汉学”并不是同一件东西,它与我们所说的“国学”“中国学”更加贴近。回顾西方Sinology形成、发展的历史,可以发现Sinology形成时期所面对的是大清统治下的中国,所以,它从一开始就不是专注于研究汉语文文献和古代历史文化的汉学,而是研究清代中国汉、满、蒙、藏等多种语文及其古代历史文化的“中国学”。通过对法国和德国早期汉学发展史的回顾,可以十分清楚地看出欧洲早期的Sinology不是狭义的“汉学”,而是“汉学”和“虏学”的结合,它是涉及中国多民族语文和古典文明研究的“中国学”。傅斯年倡导的“历史语言研究”即是对中国古代多民族语文和历史文化的历史的和语文学的研究,是近现代中西方之“中国学”研究的基本方法和学术核心。Fu Sinian once claimed that the study of China by Chinese scholars is“Sinology(汉学)”,whereas the study of China by Western scholars is“barbarian studies(luxue虏学)”,and that“Sinology”and“barbarian studies”are two inseparable and indispensable components of China studies.He also held that the Western concept of Sinology is in fact not the same as the Chinese term hanxue汉学(Sinology),but rather is closer to guoxue国学(Chinese“national learning”and“China studies”).Looking back at the historical formation and development of Western Sinology,we find that since it was created in the era when China was under the rule of the Qing Dynasty,it was from the beginning,never focused on the study of Han Chinese language,literature,and historical culture as a whole,but on the various languages and cultures of Qing China,such as Han,Manchu,Mongol,and Tibetan.By observing the early development of Sinology within France and Germany,we see that early Sinology in Europe was not merely a limited version of Chinese“Sinology”,but rather a perfect combination of“Sinology”and“barbarian studies,”a form of“China studies”that included studies of the multi-ethnic languages and classical civilizations of traditional China.The“historical and philological studies”advocated by Fu Sinian refers to,in essence,the historical and philological studies of multiethnic languages and cultures of classical China,and represents the basic method and academic core of“China studies”in modern China and the West.

关 键 词：汉学 “虏学” 中国学 历史语言研究 

分 类 号：G1[文化科学] K0[历史地理—历史学]