世界卫生组织《抗生素生产废水和固体废物管控指南》解读  

Interpretation of the WHO Guidance on wastewater and solid waste management for manufacturing of antibiotics

作　　者：张昱[1,2,3,4] 韩子铭 王辰 田哲 杨敏[1,3,4] ZHANG Yu;HAN Ziming;WANG Chen;TIAN Zhe;YANG Min(National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Sino-Danish College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心,北京100085 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京100190

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第9期2369-2374,共6页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金专项项目(32141002);中国科学院基础与交叉前沿科研先导专项(XDB0750400)。

摘　　要：世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国环境规划署(UNEP)于2024年9月3日正式发布了《抗生素生产废水和固体废物管控指南》(下文简称《指南》)。这是联合国首次针对抗生素生产过程中抗生素污染问题发布的指导性文件,旨在遏制生产过程中环境微生物耐药性的传播。作为《指南》编制专家组成员的2位中国专家长期聚焦制药行业环境耐药性传播机制与管控技术研究,基于相关研究成果承担了《指南》中抗生素生产废水与固体废物处理过程中的环境细菌耐药性管控关键技术与工程范例的编写,使我国制药行业耐药性源头阻断技术走在世界前列。本文将系统介绍该《指南》的制定背景、定位与适用范围、可能产生的影响及WHO的后续行动等,并针对我国制药行业耐药性环境传播管控的行动和可持续发展做出总结和展望。The World Health Organization(WHO)and the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)have jointly published the Guidance on wastewater and solid waste management for manufacturing of antibiotics on 3 September 2024(hereafter referred to as the Guidance).This marks the first time that the United Nations has issued a guiding document specifically addressing antibiotic contamination in the manufacturing process,aiming to curb the spread of environmental antimicrobial resistance(AMR)from antibiotic production.Two Chinese experts,as part of the expert group that contributed to the Guidance,have long been focusing on mechanism and control technologies for environmental AMR transmission in the pharmaceutical industry.Based on their research,they provided key technologies and engineering cases related to AMR control in the treatment of antibiotic production wastewater and solid waste,positioning China’s AMR prevention technologies at the forefront of the global pharmaceutical industry.This study systematically introduces the background,scope,and application of the Guidance,examines its potential impacts,and discusses the WHO's follow-up actions.Additionally,it presents a summary and outlook on the sustainable development of China's pharmaceutical industry in light of these advancements.

关 键 词：制药废水 制药菌渣 抗生素耐药性 无害化与资源化 同一健康 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]