厌氧发酵菌剂对黑水厌氧发酵和无害化效果的影响  

Influence of anaerobic fermentation bacterial agents on the effectiveness of anaerobic fermentation and harmlessness of blackwater

作　　者：孙远博 杨飙 Eid S.Gaballah 李淑萍 朱光灿[1,2,3] SUN Yuanbo;YANG Biao;Eid S.Gaballah;Li Shuping;ZHU Guangcan(School of Energy and Environment,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China;Key Laboratory of Water Safety and Aquatic Ecosystem Health of Xizang,Xianyang 712000,China;Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration of Xizang,National Ethnic Affairs Commission,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang 712000,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学能源与环境学院,南京210096 [2]西藏自治区水质安全与水环境健康重点实验室,咸阳712000 [3]西藏水污染控制与生态修复国家民委重点实验室,咸阳712000

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第9期2437-2450,共14页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：江苏省生态环境成果转化与推广重点项目(2022002)。

摘　　要：为实现农村黑水的安全资源化利用,本研究通过添加厌氧发酵菌剂,分别考察了菌剂投加量、发酵温度对黑水中有机物的转化和病原微生物灭活效果的影响,分析了发酵体系中微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明厌氧发酵菌剂对黑水厌氧发酵有明显促进作用,适宜投加量为黑水量的1‰。较高温度有利于黑水发酵,SCOD积累量最高达1497 mg·L^(−1),VFA积累量为359 mg·L^(−1),80.3%的纤维素被降解,粪大肠菌群数、蛔虫卵数均达到无害化要求。低温时微生物活性降低但仍有明显促进效果。发酵体系中,厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门是主要优势菌门,相对丰度分别为35.8%~63.0%、9.9%~43.8%和2.6%~31.5%;优势菌属为Acinetobacter,Tissierella,Bacteroides菌属,相对丰度分别为14.0%~22.5%、6.4%~14.5%和1.3%~7.9%。厌氧发酵菌剂的投加提高了具有水解酸化功能的厚壁菌门的丰度,降低了变形菌门的丰度;同时提高了具有降解木质素、纤维素的Dysgonomonas丰度,降低了Acinetobacter,Ruminococcus和Romboutsia的丰度。本研究结果可为应用厌氧发酵菌剂促进黑水厌氧发酵、臭味控制、实现黑水的高效无害化和资源化提供依据。In order to safely and resourceful utilization of rural blackwater,the anaerobic fermentation bacterial agents were added in the blackwater,the effects of bacterial dosage and fermentation temperature on the conversion of organic matter and the inactivation effect of pathogenic microorganisms in black water were investigated,and the changes in the microbial community structure of the fermentation system were analysed,respectively.The results showed that anaerobic fermentation bacterial agents significantly promoted the anaerobic fermentation of black water,and the optimal dosage was 1‰of black water.The high temperature was conducive to the fermentation process,the highest SCOD and VFA accumulation were 1497 mg·L^(−1)and 359 mg·L^(−1),respectively;80.3%of cellulose was degraded,and the counts of Fecal coliform and Ascaris lumbricoides egg met the requirements of harmlessness.At lower temperatures,the microbial activity decreased,but still exhibited a considerable promotional effect.In the fermentation system,Firmicutes,Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria were the main dominant phyla,with relative abundances of 35.8%~63.0%,9.9%~43.8%,and 2.6%~31.5%,respectively;and the dominant genera were Acinetobacter,Tissierella,and Bacteroides,with relative abundances of 14.0%~22.5%,6.4%~14.5%,and 1.3%~7.9%,respectively.22.5%,6.4%~14.5%and 1.3%~7.9%,respectively.The addition of anaerobic fermentation agents increased the abundance of the Firmicutes with hydrolytic acidification function and decreased the abundance of the Bacteroidota.Meanwhile,it increased the abundance of the Dysgonomonas with the function of degrading lignin and cellulose,and decreased the abundance of the Acinetobacter,Ruminococcus,and Romboutsia.This study provides a reference for the application of anaerobic fermentation bacterial agents to promote the anaerobic fermentation of blackwater,control odour production and effectively achieve the harmlessness and resourcefulness of blackwater.

关 键 词：农村生活污水 黑水厌氧发酵 厌氧发酵菌剂 有机物转化 无害化效果 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]