2018-2019年青岛市小学生家庭居室空气甲醛污染水平及对健康风险评估  

Indoor air formaldehyde pollution status and health risk of children in Qingdao City in 2018-2019

作　　者：李丹丹 王寅 潘璐 张秀芹 徐春生 王炳玲 段海平 王先良[2] LI Dan-dan;WANG Yin;PAN Lu;ZHANG Xiu-qin;XU Chun-sheng;WANG Bing-ling;DUAN Hai-ping;WANG Xian-liang(Department of Environmental Health,Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Qingdao,Shandong 266033,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]青岛市疾病预防控制中心青岛市预防医学研究院,山东青岛266033 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2024年第10期858-861,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划(202212010053);青岛市医药卫生科研计划(2021-WJZD160)。

摘　　要：目的了解青岛市室内空气甲醛的污染状况,评估其经吸入途径对儿童健康的风险。方法于2018—2019年在青岛市3所小学教室及其中82名儿童的家庭居室(客厅与卧室)采集室内空气样品,采用酚试剂分光光度法测定空气甲醛含量,并基于其经吸入途径毒理学资料开展致癌和非致癌效应风险评估。结果青岛市小学教室、客厅与卧室室内甲醛的浓度分别为0.03(0.03~0.06)mg/m^(3)、0.03(0.01~0.18)mg/m^(3)与0.05(0.02~0.28)mg/m^(3),不同环境下室内空气甲醛浓度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且卧室浓度最高。对于非致癌风险,教室、客厅与卧室甲醛中位数浓度对应的危害商分别为0.26、0.51与0.74;对于致癌风险,教室、客厅与卧室甲醛中位数浓度对应的致癌风险分别为4.25×10^(-6)、8.32×10^(-6)与12.23×10^(-6)。结论青岛市室内环境存在甲醛污染情况,不同环境中甲醛中位数浓度暴露的非致癌风险较小,但是有一定的致癌风险,宜引起关注。Objective To understand the pollution status of formaldehyde in the urban residential indoor air in Qingdao City,and the health risks through inhalation route.Methods Formaldehyde was collected from the 3 primary schools and the 82 households(living room and bedroom)of eligible children during 2018 and 2019,the concentrations of formaldehyde were determined by phenol reagent spectrophotometric method.Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of formaldehyde with toxicological parameters of inhalation route were assessed.Results The concentration of formaldehyde in the primary schools,living room and bedroom and households during 2018 and 2019 were 0.03(0.03-0.06)mg/m^(3),0.03(0.01-0.18)mg/m^(3)and 0.05(0.02-0.28)mg/m^(3)respectively.The different environments were all statistically significant(all P<0.05),and the concentration of formaldehyde was the highest in bedroom.For non-carcinogenic risk,the hazard quotients of formaldehyde in the primary schools,living room and bedroom were 0.26,0.51 and 0.74 respectively.For carcinogenic risk,carcinogenic risks of formaldehyde in the primary schools and households were 4.25×10^(-6),8.32×10^(-6)and 12.23×10^(-6)respectively.Conclusion Indoor pollution of formaldehyde is still exist in Qingdao City.The non-carcinogenic risk is acceptable in different indoor environments,but the carcinogenic risk is higher than the acceptable level(1.00×10^(-6)),and more attention should be paid to the health of children.

关 键 词：室内空气 空气污染 甲醛 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]