玉米秸秆生物碳/硅复合纳米材料的制备及锂电池负极的性能研究  

Preparation of corn straw biochar/silicon composite nanomaterials and their performance in the negative electrode of lithium batteries

作　　者：詹阳洋 吕鹏 甄峰[3,4] 杨佳勋 张中洋 李鸿儒 宋禹 曲斌 ZHAN Yangyang;LÜPeng;ZHEN Feng;YANG Jiaxun;ZHANG Zhongyang;LI Hongru;SONG Yu;QU Bin(College of Arts and Sciences,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Heihe Customs,Heihe 164300,China;Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;Graduate Workstation for Integration of Industry and Education,Northeast Agricultural University,Guangzhou Institute of Energy Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150030,China;Institute of Physics,CAS,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学文理学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]黑河海关,黑龙江黑河164300 [3]中国科学院广州能源研究所,广州510650 [4]东北农业大学中国科学院广州能源研究所产教融合研究生工作站,哈尔滨150030 [5]中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《扬州大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2024年第5期75-81,共7页Journal of Yangzhou University：Agricultural and Life Science Edition

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LH2021B004);东北农业大学2023大学生SIPT创新创业项目(X202410224001);广州市科技计划项目(2023B03J1229)。

摘　　要：选用农业废弃物玉米秸秆,通过高压釜水热法、退火热处理和机械球磨法等技术将其制备成生物碳/硅复合纳米材料,对制得材料进行结构和形貌表征,并探究其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明:生物碳纳米材料显示出层状结构,经高温退火后硅颗粒紧密、均匀地结合于生物碳表面及其结构边缘;这种碳源的生物碳材料中天然存在的氮原子产生的晶体缺陷可增强碳材料的导电性和反应活性,从而提高生物碳/硅复合纳米材料的电化学性能。由于更高的比表面积以及循环过程中形成的固态电解质界面(solid electrolyte interface,SEI)膜消耗的可逆容量更少,因而CSi1(碳硅质量比为3:1)相对于CSi2(碳硅质量比为5:1)循环容量表现更佳,展现出更好的循环稳定性和良好的倍率性能。The raw material selected was agricultural residue waste corn straw,which was prepared into biochar/silicon composite nanomaterials through high-pressure kettle hydrothermal method,annealing heat treatment,and mechanical ball milling method.The structure and morphology of the prepared materials were characterized,and their electrochemical performance as negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries was explored.The results indicated that biochar nanomaterials exhibited a layered structure,and after high-temperature annealing,silicon particles were tightly and uniformly bound to the surface and structural edges of biochar;By using biochar as a carbon source,the crystal defects generated by the naturally occurring nitrogen atoms in biochar materials enhanced the conductivity and reactivity of carbon materials,thereby improving the electrochemical performance of biochar/silicon composite nanomaterials.Due to its higher specific surface area and less reversible capacity consumed by the solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film formed during cycling,CSi1(carbon to silicon mass ratio of 3:1)exhibited better cycling capacity performance compared to CSi2(carbon to silicon mass ratio of 5:1),demonstrating better cycling stability and good rate performance.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 生物碳 碳/硅复合纳米材料 锂离子电池 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] TQ424.1[化学工程]