稻鱼共生系统土壤微生物群落组成和功能特征  

Community structure and functional features of soil microbes in the rice-fish co-culture system

作　　者：刘瑛涵 任伟征 赵璐峰 郭梁 刘益曦 胡亮亮[1,4] 陈欣 LIU Yinghan;REN Weizheng;ZHAO Lufeng;GUO Liang;LIU Yixi;HU Liangliang;CHEN Xin(College of Life Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;College of Forest,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;College of Biology and Environmental Engineering,Zhejiang Shuren University,Hangzhou 310015,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]河南农业大学林学院,河南郑州450002 [3]浙江树人大学生物与环境工程学院,浙江杭州310015 [4]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2024年第6期865-877,共13页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2401801);浙江省“领雁”研发攻关计划(2022C02058);浙江省公益技术应用项目(LGN22C030002);浙江省“尖兵”研发攻关计划(2022C02008)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究稻鱼共生系统(Rice-fish co-culture system,RF)土壤微生物群落结构特征,并分析其碳氮循环相关功能与水稻单作系统(Rice monoculture system,RM)的差异。【方法】水稻生长季在全球重要农业文化遗产--青田稻鱼共生系统的保护地开展稻田土壤取样,采用高通量测序技术,比较RF和RM中土壤细菌和古菌群落结构和功能差异。【结果】RF土壤细菌和古菌的优势菌门和优势菌属与RM保持一致,但α多样性均显著提高;RF促进土壤微生物间相互作用和网络优势模块功能多样化,但是对于群落网络稳定性的影响并不明确。基于FAPROTAX功能预测,相较于RM,RF增强了甲烷氧化和氮固定作用之间的正相关关系,减弱了硝化作用与甲烷产生和反硝化作用之间的相关性以及甲烷氧化与反硝化作用之间的相关性。典型关联分析结果表明,与RM相比,RF降低了土壤有机质、速效氮和速效磷含量对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,同时增强了土壤总磷含量和土壤pH的影响。【结论】青田传统稻鱼共生系统有助于提高稻田土壤微生物群落α多样性,整体上增强土壤微生物间的相互作用和网络复杂性,但是减弱了甲烷和氮素循环过程相关微生物功能群的相互关系。本研究结果为进一步揭示水稻−水生动物共生系统的微生物生态学过程提供了研究基础。【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the soil microbial community structure of the rice-fish co-culture system(RF),and compare its microbial functions on carbon and nitrogen cycling to those of rice monoculture system(RM).【Method】We sampled soil from paddies during the rice growth season at the site of the Qingtian rice-fish co-culture system,a globally important agricultural cultural heritage.Using highthroughput sequencing technology,we compared the structure and function of soil bacterial and archaeal communities between RF and RM.【Result】RF significantly increased theα-diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities,while the dominant phyla or genera remained the same as RM.RF also improved the interactions among soil microbes and the functional diversity of dominant network modules,but its effect on network stability was unclear.Based on FAPROTAX prediction of functions,RF strengthened the positive relationship between methane oxidation and nitrogen fixation compared to RM.However,RF weakened the relationship between nitrification and methane production/denitrification,as well as the relationship between methane oxidation and denitrification.The canonical correlation analysis results demonstrated that,compared with RM,RF reduced the effects of soil organic matter,available N,and available P contents on soil microbial community structure but enhanced the effects of soil total phosphorus content and soil pH.【Conclusion】In Qingtian,the traditional rice-fish co-culture system increases theα-diversity of soil microbial communities,global microbial interactions,and the complexity of microbial networks.However,traditional RF weakens the relationships between different microbial functional groups involved in methane and nitrogen cycling.These findings provide a basis for further research on the microbial ecological processes in rice-aquatic animal coculture systems.

关 键 词：稻鱼共生 土壤微生物 微生物网络 功能预测 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学] S154.3[生物学—普通生物学]