美国原住民领土治理形式的调整:印第安人保留地的创建与重组  

Evolution of Indian Reservations:A Territorial Perspective

作　　者：孙骜 刘云刚 SUN Ao;LIU Yun-gang(School of Geography&The Center of Administrative Division and Spatial Governance,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China;Beidou Research Institute,South China Normal University,Foshan 528225,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学地理科学学院/行政区划与空间治理研究中心,广州510631 [2]华南师范大学北斗研究院,佛山528225

出　　处：《人文地理》2024年第5期149-157,共9页Human Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(42230705);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071187)。

摘　　要：印第安人保留地是美国联邦政府为了对印第安人实行治理而划定的领土空间,其变化的实质是美国联邦政府调整领土的治理形式,用以削弱印第安人享有的主权。本文对领土治理形式调整进行了理论化梳理。具体而言,国家是领土治理形式调整的主体;领土治理形式调整主要有赋予政策性地位、调整政策性地位以及消除政策性地位三种类型;领土治理形式调整是为了实现国家的政治目的。基于上述框架,本文的结论:第一,美国是印第安人保留地领土治理形式调整的主体。第二,在这种调整下,印第安人保留地经历了创建和重组两个时期。第三,印第安人保留地领土治理形式的调整是为了削弱保留地享有的主权权力。因此,国家可以采用灵活的领土治理形式,实现国家领土的高效利用。其中,重点关注国土开发战略、国土空间规划、行政区划调整等空间战略或规划。The Indian reservation is the space delimited by the federal government of the United States in order to control the Indians.It is the domestic dependent nations,showing the characteristics of"a state within a state".At the same time,reservations have limited sovereignty and are not subject to most U.S.laws.The Indian reservation has experienced a long time of evolution.The essence of the evolution is that the federal government of the United States adjusts the territorial governance in order to weaken the sovereignty had by the Indians.At present,national territorial studies mainly focus on two aspects:The change of territorial scope and the change of territorial spatial function.The former refers to changes in national jurisdiction.The latter means that the state adopts various territorial governance and changes the function of territorial space.In short,the state is the subject of territorial governance;There are three types of territorial governance adjustment:granting policy status,adjusting policy status and eliminating policy status.The adjustment of territorial governance is to achieve the political goal of the state.Based on the framework of territorial governance,the conclusion of this paper is as follows:1)The United States is the subject of the adjustment of the territorial governance of Indian reservations.2)Under this adjustment,Indian reservations went through two periods of creation and reconstruction.3)The adjustment of territorial governance of Indian reservations was intended to weaken the sovereignty of the reservation.

关 键 词：印第安人保留地 领土 领土治理 主权 美国 

分 类 号：K901.4[历史地理—人文地理学]