职业病危害综合风险评估在广西6家胶合板企业职业病危害特征分析中的应用  

Application of comprehensive risk assessment of occupational hazards in occupational hazard characteristic analysis in six plywood enterprises of Guangxi

作　　者：傅松文 杨静[1] 韦柳芳 麦骊风 黄吉[1] 卢安栋 FU Songwen;YANG Jing;WEI Liufang;MAI Lifeng;HUANG Ji;LU Andong(Institute of Occupational Health and Toxicity Evaluation,Guangxi Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention,Nanning,Guangxi 530021,China;Occupational and Radiological Health Control Institute,Liuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545007,China;Department of Safety and Environmental Protection,Guangxi Jirui Safety Technology Co.,Ltd,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院职业卫生与毒性评价所,广西南宁530021 [2]柳州市疾病预防控制中心职业与放射卫生防制所,广西柳州545007 [3]广西吉锐安全技术有限公司安全环保部,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第17期2326-2330,2336,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20200688);广西医疗卫生适宜技术开发与推广应用项目(S2023051)。

摘　　要：目的通过对广西壮族自治区6家胶合板企业进行职业病危害综合风险评估了解其职业病危害特征,探讨综合风险评估方法的优缺点,为企业的职业卫生分类管理提供依据。方法2023年4—9月选择广西壮族自治区胶合板企业分布较多的3个城市6家胶合板企业为研究对象,收集企业存在的职业病危害因素种类及性质、接触水平、接触人数以及职业卫生管理状况,运用职业病危害综合风险评估方法对其进行综合评估。结果6家胶合板企业均存在职业病危害因素超标,职业危害风险等级评估为Ⅲ级,其中木粉尘(硬)超标率9.75%(4/41)、甲醛超标率50.00%(11/22)、苯超标率50.00%(1/2)、噪声超标率27.77%(15/54)、高温超标率8.33%(1/12);6家胶合板企业均存在不同程度的职业卫生管理缺陷,其中有5家企业出现关键项不符合(1项或多项),职业卫生管理等级评估为C级;职业病危害综合风险评估结果显示其中1家企业综合风险类别为乙类,另外5家企业综合风险类别为丙类(高风险)。结论6家胶合板企业存在职业危害因素种类多、接触人数多、接触时间长、接触水平高等职业病危害特征;6家胶合板企业职业健康监护均存在不同程度管理问题,无法收集完整的职业健康监护资料对其综合风险评估结果进行准确验证;职业病危害综合风险评估方法自身存在缺陷,如果要进行应用推广还应对评估方法加以改进并出台相应的监督管理机制以保证数据的真实性及可靠性。Objective Through the comprehensive risk assessment of occupational hazards in six plywood enterprises in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,to understand the characteristics of occupational hazards,explore the advantages and disadvantages of the comprehensive risk assessment methods,so as to provide basis for the classified management of occupational health in enterprises.Methods From April to September 2023,six plywood enterprises in three cities with a high distribution of plywood enterprises in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were selected as the research objects.The types and nature of occupational hazard factors,exposure level,number of contacts and occupational health management status of the enterprises were collected,and the comprehensive risk assessment method of occupational hazard was used for comprehensive assessment.Results Six plywood enterprises all had occupational hazard factors exceeding the standard,and the occupational hazard risk level was assessed as levelⅢ.The over-standard rate was 9.75%(4/41)for wood dust(hard),50.00%(11/22)for formaldehyde,50.00%(1/2)for benzene,27.77%(15/54)for noise,and 8.33%(1/12)for high temperature.Six plywood enterprises all had varying degrees of occupational health management deficiencies,of which five enterprises had qualified key items(one or more),and occupational health management level was evaluated as level C.The results of the comprehensive risk assessment of occupational hazards showed that one enterprise is Class B in comprehensive risk category,and other five enterprises are Class C(high risk)in comprehensive risk category.Conclusions The six plywood enterprises have the characteristics of multiple types of occupational hazards,large number of contacts,long exposure time,and high exposure level.The occupational health monitoring of the six plywood enterprises have different degrees of management problems,and it is impossible to collect complete occupational health monitoring data to accurately verify the comprehensive risk assessment results.The compr

关 键 词：综合风险评估 胶合板企业 职业病危害 特征分析 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]