中国农地不完全产权的生成与存续  

The Creation and Continuation of Incomplete Property Rights of Farmland in China

作　　者：王敬尧 郑鹏 Wang Jingyao;Zheng Peng(School of Public Administration,Center for County Development Research,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065)

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院、中国县域发展研究中心,四川成都610065

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第6期27-37,共11页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“县域城乡融合发展与乡村振兴研究”(22JZD009)。

摘　　要：新形势下深化农村改革的主线仍然是处理好农民和土地的关系,农地产权制度改革是解决“三农”问题的重要突破口。相较于西方产权私有的制度改革,中国农地产权制度始终保持着不完整状态,如何解释不完全农地产权具有的持久生命力成为研究基点。通过对中国农地不完全产权的阶段表征进行分析发现,国家治理目标与基层治理能力构成农地不完全产权的生成逻辑,即国家的资源汲取与秩序稳定目标影响着维系产权不完全的收益,基层政府的自主能力与产权实施能力影响着推进产权完整化的成本。国家正式制度改革与社会非正式制度调适共同构成了农地不完全产权的存续逻辑,既表现为国家通过自上而下的强制性改革与自下而上的诱致性改革来缩小产权“公共领域”,也表现为农民借助乡里组织保护与社会规范支持来降低“租值耗散”。由于国家治理与基层治理的互动、正式制度与非正式制度的互动集中发生在基层场域,农地不完全产权也深刻影响着基层治权的运作,推动基层行政与乡村自治的关系不断转变。而深化农村产权制度改革,既需要在集体所有的前提下进一步细分产权权能,也需要提高以村社自治为本位的集体行动能力,实现产权功能与治理效能的有机衔接。The main focus of deepening rural reform in the new situation is still to handle the relationship between farmers and land.The reform of the farmland property rights system is a crucial breakthrough in solving the“three rural issues”(agriculture,countryside,and farmers).Compared with the institutional reform of private property rights in the West,China’s farmland property rights system has always been incomplete.How to explain the endurance of this incomplete farmland property rights has become the research basis.Through the analysis of the phasic characteristics of incomplete farmland property rights in China,it is found that the national governance objectives and the capacity of grassroots governance constitute the generative logic of incomplete farmland property rights.That is,the national objectives of resource extraction and order stabilization affect the benefits of maintaining incomplete property rights,while the autonomy and implementation capacity of grassroots governments affect the costs of promoting complete property rights.The formal institutional reform of the state and the informal institutional adjustment of society together constitute the survival logic of incomplete farmland property rights.It is manifested in the state’s top-down mandatory reform and bottom-up induced reform to reduce the“public domain”of property rights,and also in the farmers’use of the protection of village organizations and support of social norms to reduce“rent dissipation”.Since the interaction between national governance and grassroots governance,and the interaction between formal institutions and informal institutions mainly occur in the grassroots field,incomplete farmland property rights also profoundly affect the operation of grassroots governance power,and promote the continuous transformations in the relationship between grassroots administration and rural autonomy.In order to deepen the reform of rural property rights system,it is necessary to further subdivide the property rights functions under

关 键 词：农地产权 不完全产权 国家治理 基层治理 

分 类 号：D922.32[政治法律—法学] F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]