权力规制与权利保障:教育大数据伦理问题的法律治理  

Power Regulation and Rights Protection:Legal Governance of Ethical Issues of Big Data in Education

作　　者：肖登辉[1] 常亚东 Xiao Denghui;Chang Yadong(School of Law,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学法学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第6期144-153,共10页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“信息生命周期视角下教育大数据隐私泄露的风险评估与追溯消解机制研究”(61977036);中央高校基本科研业务费资助(优创项目)“教育平台大数据伦理问题的法律制度构建”(2024CXZZ008)。

摘　　要：教育大数据伦理问题是科技融入教育中的衍生产物。法律与伦理之间存在着一定程度的耦合,法律是解决教育大数据伦理问题的重要手段。目前,我国教育大数据伦理问题的治理存在政策重视但专门性法律相对滞后、具体问题治理难度大等问题,有必要借助法律构建一套专门性的治理体系。大数据的应用为“教育权—受教育权”的法律关系赋能的同时,也对其原有的平衡造成了冲击。从权力的角度而言,在大数据去中心化和中心化的特征下,数字教育权出现了主体的扩张和内容的强化。从权利的角度而言,“主观权利”与“客观价值秩序”二分的基本权利功能理论更符合数字受教育权保障的需要,数字受教育权的“主观权利”是个人在法律上得以请求的基础,然而若要在复杂的数字时代实质保障数字受教育权,还需“客观价值秩序”提供相应的制度、组织以及程序的支持。The ethical issues of big data in education are the derivative products of the integration of science and technology into education.There is a certain degree of coupling between law and ethics,and law is an important means to solve the ethical problems of educational big data.At present,the governance of the ethical problems of big data in education of China is faced with problems such as specialized laws lagging behind the policy attention,and the difficulty in governance of specific problems,so it is necessary to build a set of specialized governance system with the help of laws.While the application of big data empowers the legal relationship of“the right of education—the right to education”,it also impacts its original balance.From the perspective of power,with the characteristics of decentralization and of centrality of big data,the right to digital education has been expanded in terms of subjects and strengthened in terms of content.From the perspective of rights,the basic rights function theory of the dichotomy between“subjective rights”and“objective order of values”is more in line with the needs for substantive protection of the right to digital education,and the“subjective rights”of the right to digital education are the legal rights of individuals.The“subjective rights”of the right to digital education is the basis for individuals’legal claims,but in order to substantively safeguard the right to digital education in the complex digital age,it is necessary to provide the corresponding institutional,organizational and procedural support from the“objective order of values”.

关 键 词：教育大数据伦理 法律治理 数字教育权 数字受教育权 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] G434[政治法律—法学]