荷斯坦牛产后首次发情表现性状遗传参数估计  

Estimation of Genetic Parameters for First Estrus Expression Traits in Holstein Cattle

作　　者：杨桐桐 张海亮[1] 王澳 常瑶 李珊珊 郭佳和 张俊星 黄越川 韩丽云 王瑜 王雅春[1] YANG Tongtong;ZHANG Hailiang;WANG Ao;CHANG Yao;LI Shanshan;GUO Jiahe;ZHANG Junxing;HUANG Yuechuan;HAN Liyun;WANG Yu;WANG Yachun(State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding,National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding,and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,College of Animal Science and Technology,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Station,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院,农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家畜)重点实验室,畜禽育种国家工程实验室,畜禽生物育种全国重点实验室,北京100193 [2]宁夏大学动物科技学院,宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室,银川750021 [3]宁夏畜牧工作站,银川750021

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2024年第11期5050-5058,共9页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划(2022BBF02017);宁夏回族自治区农业育种专项《优质高产奶牛选育》(2019NYYZ05);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_15R62)。

摘　　要：旨在通过智能项圈记录的发情记录定义奶牛发情表现性状,探究奶牛产后首次发情表现的群体规律并估计遗传参数。本研究数据来自宁夏地区8个规模化奶牛场的荷斯坦牛,收集了2020—2023年35519头奶牛的272589811条发情记录和649274条繁殖记录,定义了3个发情表现性状,包括产后首次发情的持续时间、发情指数及产犊至首次发情间隔;采用SAS 9.2软件的GLM过程,分析了非遗传因素对产后首次发情表现性状的影响;基于DMU软件的DMUAI模块,使用单性状和双性状模型估计了产后首次发情表现性状的遗传参数。结果表明,荷斯坦牛产后首次发情的持续时间、发情指数以及产犊至首次发情间隔的平均值分别为45.87 h、80.25 au和44.43 d,胎次、首次配种日龄、昼夜效应、场效应和产犊年季效应对上述3个性状均有显著影响(P<0.05);产后首次发情的持续时间属于中等遗传力性状,遗传力估计值为0.139,发情指数和产犊至首次发情间隔属于低遗传力性状,遗传力均低于0.1;产后首次发情表现性状之间存在中至高的遗传相关,遗传相关系数的绝对值为0.179~0.722;产后首次发情性状与常规繁殖性状之间存在中高遗传相关,遗传相关系数的绝对值为0.146~0.766。通过智能项圈数据可以准确量化并监测奶牛的发情状况,从而解决传统记录方式的局限性。基于项圈数据定义的奶牛产后首次发情表现性状是可遗传的,将其与常规繁殖性状结合进行综合选择可为繁殖性能的选育提供新方向。The study aimed to define first estrus expression traits after calving(FETs)of dairy cows based on information recorded by collars and to estimate their genetic parameters and relationships with other routine fertility traits.Data were collected from 35519 Holstein cows across 8 farms in Ningxia from 2020 to 2023,comprising 272589811 high-throughput estrus records and 649274 reproductive records.Three estrus expression traits were defined,including the duration of first estrus expression(DFE),the interval from calving to first estrus expression(ICE)and the mean of heat indicators of first estrus expression after calving(HIE).The GLM in SAS 9.2 was used to analyze the effects of various non-genetic factors on FETs,and the DMUAI module of DMU were used to estimate the genetic parameters of FETs by employing single-trait and multi-trait model.The averages for DFE,ICE,and HIE were 45.87 h,80.25 au and 44.43 d,respectively.Parity,age at first service,day-night,farm,and year-season of calving had significant effects on all the 3 traits(P<0.05).DFE was a trait with medium heritability(h 2=0.139),while both ICE and HIE were low heritable traits(h 2<0.1).Medium to high genetic correlations were observed between FETs(0.179 to 0.722)and between FETs and fertility traits(0.146-0.766).The collars-based information enables accurate quantification and monitoring of estrus expression in dairy cows,addressing the limitations of traditional recording methods.The FETs obtained from collars-based information are heritable and combining them with fertility traits can provide a new insight to improve genetic selection of estrus efficiency and fertility performance.

关 键 词：奶牛 繁殖性状 产后首次发情 遗传参数 

分 类 号：S823.2[农业科学—畜牧学]