饲粮组成对生长猪小肠消化环境的影响研究  

Effects of Diet Composition on the Digestive Environment of Small Intestine in Growing Pigs

作　　者：王嘉诚 李晨旭 王浩然 曹宁 赵峰[2] 解竞静[2] 萨仁娜[2] 李素芬[1] 王钰明[2] WANG Jiacheng;LI Chenxu;WANG Haoran;CAO Ning;ZHAO Feng;XIE Jingjing;SA Renna;LI Sufen;WANG Yuming(Hebei Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Innovation of Characteristic Animal Germplasm Resources,Hebei Normal University of Science&Technology,Qinhuangdao 066604,China;State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding,Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院河北省特色动物种质资源挖掘与创新重点实验室,秦皇岛066604 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2024年第11期5135-5146,共12页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32102558);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1300201)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨猪小肠不同肠段消化环境的变异规律及与饲粮标准回肠氨基酸消化率间的相关性,为猪饲料氨基酸效价快速评定技术的开发提供数据支撑。试验选用18头初始体重为(21.6±3.5)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交去势公猪,随机分为3组,每组6头猪,分别在十二指肠末端、空-回中段、回肠末端安装T型瘘管;每组猪内部采用3×3拉丁方设计,3种饲粮(以玉米、豆粕和小麦麸分别为唯一蛋白源配制3种半纯合饲粮)处理,进行3期试验,每期试验包括5 d预饲期、3 d食糜通过时间测定期、2 d食糜收集期和2 d恢复期。测定各段肠液中的pH、离子浓度、消化酶活性及食糜通过时间,分析肠段及饲粮对消化环境的影响,并对饲粮的标准回肠氨基酸消化率与小肠液消化环境参数进行相关性分析。结果表明:1)肠段和饲粮对肠液K^(+)、Cl^(-)浓度和糜蛋白酶活性有显著交互作用(P<0.05),肠段对pH、淀粉酶及胰蛋白酶活性和Na^(+)浓度有极显著影响(P<0.01),饲粮对pH、胰蛋白酶活性和Na^(+)浓度有显著影响(P<0.05);2)以食糜指示剂出现和消失的平均时间作为通过时间计时,玉米饲粮在十二指肠、空-回中段和回肠末端的通过时间均显著长于小麦麸饲粮(P<0.05),但在十二指肠末端与豆粕饲粮间无显著差异(P>0.05);3)饲喂玉米饲粮条件下,回肠末端肠液pH、Na^(+)和K^(+)浓度、食糜通过时间和3种消化酶活性与16种氨基酸的标准回肠消化率无显著相关性(r≤0.68,P>0.10);饲喂豆粕饲粮条件下,淀粉酶活性与谷氨酸的标准回肠消化率有显著负相关性(r=0.86,P<0.05);饲喂小麦麸饲粮条件下,Na^(+)浓度与脯氨酸以及食糜通过时间与蛋氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸的标准回肠消化率呈显著正相关(r≥0.87,P<0.05)。综上,生长猪肠段及饲粮对小肠液消化环境有显著影响且有交互作用,pH、离子浓度�This experiment was conducted to investigate the variability of digestive environment in different sites of the small intestine of pigs and its correlation with dietary standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids,and to provide a reference for the development of rapid evaluation of nutritive of amino acid for pig diets.In this experiment,18 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire barrows with an initial body weight of(21.6±3.5)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 pigs in each group.A T-cannula was surgically equipped at the end of duodenum,the middle of the jejunum-ileum and the end of the ileum,respectively.Each group of pigs was allotted to a replicated 3×3 Latin square design with 3 diets(3 kinds of semi-homozygous diets with corn,soybean meal and wheat bran as the only protein source,respectively)and 3 phases.In each phase,there was a 5-d adaption to experimental diet,followed by a 3-d determination of digesta passage time,a 2-d collection of digesta,and a 2-d of recovery period.The pH,ion concentration,digestive enzyme activity and the passage time of digesta in each sites of small intestine were determined.The effects of intestinal sites and diets on the digestive environment were analyzed,and the simple correlation analysis was conducted between the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acid in diets and the digestive environment parameters in small intestine.The results showed that:1)Intestinal sites and diets had significantly interactions(P<0.05)on the K^(+)and Cl^(-)concentrations and chymotrypsin activity of intestinal fluid.The intestinal sites had extremely significant effects(P<0.01)on pH,amylase and trypsin activities and Na^(+)concentration,and diets had significant effects(P<0.05)on pH,trypsin activity and Na^(+)concentration.2)Taking the average time of appearance and disappearance of digesta indicator as the passage time,the passage time of corn diet in duodenum,middle jejunum-ileum and terminal ileum was significantly longer(P<0.05)than that of wheat bran diet,but there was no significa

关 键 词：生长猪 饲粮组成 小肠消化环境 氨基酸消化率 相关性 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]