基于超级电容的电动汽车储能侧电压平抑策略  

Voltage Suppression Strategy of Electric Vehicle Energy Storage Side Based on Supercapacitor

作　　者：郭炅 GUO Jiong(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Wuhan Qingchuan University,Wuhan 430204,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉晴川学院机械与电气工程学院,湖北武汉430204

出　　处：《电力科学与工程》2024年第11期45-53,共9页Electric Power Science and Engineering

摘　　要：当复杂工况下制动现象频繁发生时,回馈能量会导致电动汽车的电源侧母线电压波动较大。为抑制母线电压的波动,构建了超级电容与蓄电池混合储能系统;为预测母线电压可能的波动并据此提前做出快速响应,提出了融合超级电容模型的模型预测电压控制(Model prediction voltage control strategy based on supercapacitor model,SC-MPVC)策略。首先合理选用超级电容模型,结合DC/DC模型构建母线电压的预测模型;然后建立目标函数,通过滚动优化选择最优控制占空比,控制母线电压保持恒定。仿真结果显示,相比恒定占空比PWM(Pulse width modulation,PWM)控制、PI(Proportional-integral,PI)控制,SC-MPVC控制下母线电压波动分别减小56.8%、19.8%。该结果验证了所提方法的有效性。相比PI控制,在SC-MPVC控制下,超级电容荷电状态(State of charge,SOC)增量增加3.13%,验证了所提策略具有节能效果。When braking occurs frequently under complex conditions,the feedback energy will cause the bus voltage of the power side of the electric vehicle to fluctuate greatly.In order to suppress the fluctuation of bus voltage,a hybrid energy storage system with supercapacitor and battery is constructed.In order to predict the possible fluctuation of bus voltage and make rapid response in advance,a model prediction voltage control strategy based on supercapacitor model(SC-MPVC)is proposed.Firstly,the supercapacitor model is selected reasonably,and the bus voltage prediction model is constructed by combining DC/DC model.Secondly,the objective function is established and the optimal control duty ratio is selected through rolling optimization to control the bus voltage to keep constant.The simulation results show that compared with constant duty ratio PWM control and PI control,the bus voltage fluctuation under SC-MPVC control is reduced by 56.8%and 19.8%respectively.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.Compared with PI control,the increment of state of charge(SOC)of supercapacitor under SC-MPVC control increases by 3.13%,which verifies that the proposed strategy has an energy-saving effect.

关 键 词：超级电容 无刷直流电机 模型预测 电压控制 回馈制动 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程] TM341[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]