多子芋收获机离心回转式根土分离装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of the centrifugal rotary root-soil separation device for a multiple taro harvester

作　　者：刘婉茹 张国忠[1,2] 刘浩蓬 周勇[1,2] 王洪昌 裴蕾[1,2] 李子涵 LIU Wanru;ZHANG Guozhong;LIU Haopeng;ZHOU Yong;WANG Hongchang;PEI Lei;LI Zihan(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Midlower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第21期14-26,共13页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系专项资助项目(CARS-24-D-02);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T201934)。

摘　　要：针对芋头采挖过程中传统栅条式筛分装置存在土壤破碎质量差、根土分离效果不佳等问题,该研究结合多子芋生长特点,设计了一种离心回转式根土分离装置。构建芋头根土复合体碰撞力学模型和土块冲击破碎力学模型,明晰了影响根土分离效果的主要因素为弹齿倾角、回转筛转速和柔性拨指长径比,并确定取值范围。采用EDEM-RecurDyn耦合方法开展仿真试验,探究芋头根土复合体在筛分过程中经历平衡、失稳、土壤破碎、碰撞翻滚和土壤脱落等全过程动态变化规律,单因素试验确定柔性拨指直径14 mm,长度45 mm;以弹齿倾角、回转筛转速和土壤喂入量为影响因素。以根土分离率和芋头最大冲击力为评价指标,开展二次回归正交旋转组合试验,求解最优参数组合为弹齿倾角16.00°、回转筛转速110.00 r/min、土壤喂入量14.00 kg/s时,根土分离率最优为93.36%,芋头碰撞冲击力峰值最小为150.73N。田间试验结果表明多子芋收获机根土分离率为92.06%,破损率为4.86%,与回归模型预测结果相差1.39%,相较传统栅条式根茎类收获机根土分离率提升了8.61个百分点,满足多子芋根土分离要求。研究结果可为根土复合体破碎分离特性及根茎类作物高效低损采收装备设计提供参考。Taro(Colocasia esculenta)is one of the perennial tuberous plants in the Araceae family.The global area of taro harvesting has reached 1.7937 million hectares in 2022,with a total output of 12.3945 million tons.The yield per unit area in China has been 2.75 times the world average in the world.The main production regions are situated in the Yangtze River Basin,the Pearl River Basin,and Taiwan Province.Taro can play a crucial role in the process of rural revitalization.However,manual harvesting has been predominant in recent years.It is still lacking in the specialized harvesting equipment for the mechanized production of taro.In a previous study,the bar-type screening device was employed to conduct taro harvesting experiments.The taro root system and the soil have also been adhered,wrapped,and entangled to form a"root-soil composite"structure during operation.This complex matrix can serve as the taro tubers to reinforce the fibers for the roots.Nevertheless,some challenges remain in actual production,including suboptimal soil crushing quality,ineffective root-soil separation,and elevated screening power consumption during mechanized harvesting.Furthermore,the existing bar-type screening device was unable to fulfill the requirement of taro root-soil separation requirements.In this study,the centrifugal rotary root-soil separation device was developed to fully meet the agronomic and harvesting requirements of multi-seed taro.A collision mechanics model of taro root-soil composite was developed for an impact crushing mechanics model of soil blocks.A systematic analysis revealed that the primary influencing factors on the efficacy of root-soil separation were ranked in the descending order of the spring tooth inclination angle,the rotational speed of the screen,and the aspect ratio of the flexible finger.The range of values was determined for the influencing factors after measurement.A discrete element model(DEM)of taro corm-root-soil composite was established using EDEM software,in order to analyze the process of soi

关 键 词：农业机械 仿真 根土复合体 多子芋 根土分离 试验 

分 类 号：S225.7[农业科学—农业机械化工程]