基于Meta分析研究菌剂添加对堆肥产品中氮含量的影响  

Effects of adding inoculants on improving the nitrogen content of compost by Meta analysis

作　　者：王越 丁晓艳 王博 薛衔乐 苟洪城 蒋正波 魏雨泉 丁国春 李季[1,2] WANG Yue;DING Xiaoyan;WANG Bo;XUE Xianle;GOU Hongcheng;JIANG Zhengbo;WEI Yuquan;DING Guochun;LI Ji(College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Organic Recycling Institute(Suzhou)of China Agricultural University,Suzhou 215100,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture&Animal Husbandry Sciences,Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国农业大学有机循环研究院(苏州),苏州215100 [3]动物营养与饲料研究所内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第21期192-201,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071552,42307436)。

摘　　要：堆肥技术作为有机废弃物资源化处理的关键技术之一,因其具有无害化、资源化和减量化作用而备受关注。但在堆肥过程中存在严重的氮素损失问题,菌剂添加可一定程度上减少氮素损失的影响。该研究综述了菌剂类型、菌剂来源、接种剂量、堆肥原料、堆肥工艺、生产规模对堆肥产品氮素含量(全氮含量、碳氮比、铵态氮、硝态氮)和堆肥过程氮素损失(氨气、氮素损失)的影响。结果发现:添加菌剂能够显著提升堆肥产品的全氮(19.3%)、铵态氮(40.8%)和硝态氮(2.3%)含量,减少NH3排放(-14.9%),降低C/N(-37.9%)和氮素损失(-29.7%)。菌剂来源是影响堆肥产品氮素保存的关键性因素,筛选自堆肥环境的土著微生物能够适应堆肥环境,对全氮含量提升的效应值最高(16.9%),更有利于在堆肥过程中发挥固氮减排的作用。值得注意的是,菌剂添加量并非越多越好,菌剂添加量<2%时对堆肥产品的全氮、碳氮比的影响最显著,而菌剂添加量<1%时,对堆肥产品中铵态氮含量影响最显著。但由于大多数文献多以纤维素降解菌添加利用为主,导致堆肥产品中对碳的利用效率高于氮,因此随着菌剂添加量的增加,碳氮比显著下降。由于初始碳氮比较低,导致以家畜粪便作为发酵原料的堆肥产品中,菌剂添加对其含量的提升效果低于其他发酵原料,但反应器堆肥是除传统堆肥工艺外,固氮减损效果最好的堆肥工艺。因此,添加菌剂可提升堆肥产品中氮素的保存,且菌剂来源最为重要,土著菌剂效果最优,反应器堆肥工艺固氮效果优于条垛和槽式堆肥。Composting has been recognized as a pivotal technology for the resourceful management of organic waste.Much attention has also gained,due to its harmlessness,resourcefulness,and reduction of carbon emission.However,there is a serious and vast amount of nitrogen(a critical nutrient)loss during composting.Fortunately,microbial agents can be incorporated to mitigate this nitrogen loss.This research aims to delve into the various influencing factors on the nitrogen content(total nitrogen content,carbon-nitrogen ratio,ammonium nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen)and loss(ammonia emission,and total nitrogen loss)during composting,including the type and source of microbial agents,the dosage of inoculation,the composting materials,the composting modes,and the scale of production.The results found that the inoculants added significantly enhanced the total nitrogen(19.34%),ammonium nitrogen(40.77%),and nitrate nitrogen(2.30%)content,while there was a decrease in the emission of ammonia(-14.91%),decreasing C/N(-37.87%)and the total nitrogen loss(-29.68%)at the same time.The microbial inoculants were also dominant in the preservation of nitrogen within the compost.Local inoculants(namely indigenous agents)were selected to be extracted from the composting environment.There was remarkable adaptivity in the same and complex environment.The best performance was achieved in improving the total nitrogen content of the compost(16.9%),compared with the other three types of inoculants.It was more favorable for nitrogen fixation and emission reduction in the composting process.In the addition of microbial agents at a rate of less than 2%,there was the most pronounced effect on the total nitrogen content and C/N ratio of the composts.This approach was contrary to the common belief that the higher quantities of microbial agents always yielded better performance.Interestingly,there was the most significant impact on the increase in ammonium nitrogen content,when the addition rate was less than 1%.Since cellulose was preferred to degrade microo

关 键 词：堆肥 菌剂 固氮减排 影响因素 Meta分析 

分 类 号：S126[农业科学—农业基础科学]